Interferon‐α alone probably leads to lower adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with interferon‐α plus bevacizumab (moderate certainty).
Interferon‐α alone may leads to higher adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard targeted therapies (sunitinib or temsirolimus) (low certainty).
Interferon‐α plus bevacizumab showed no clear difference in adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard targeted therapies (low certainty).
Interferon‐α combined with targeted therapies may leads to higher adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard targeted therapy (low certainty).
Sunitinib probably leads to higher serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4)assessed as: CTCAE v3.0 compared with interferon‐α (IFN‐α) (targeted agent versus classic immunotherapy) (moderate certainty).
Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α showed no clear difference in discontinuation of therapy due to adverse events compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.