Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

18 questions · 18 findings · 2 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 8 · 44.4%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 3 · 16.7%Low 4 · 22.2%Moderate 1 · 5.6%High 2 · 11.1%

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events: e.g. soreness, discomfort, cramps, pain · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

It is very uncertain whether combinations of conservative treatments changes number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events:… compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of UI after radical: combinations of treatments vs no treatment

Adverse events ‐ PFMT + anal EStim + BFB · Patients with postprostatectomy UI

Treatment of UI after radical: combinations of treatments showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ PFMT + anal EStim + BFB compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of UI after radical: one active treatment vs other active intervention

Adverse events PFMT + Anal EStim versus PFMT alone · Patients with postprostatectomy UI

Treatment of UI after radical: one active treatment showed no clear difference in adverse events PFMT + Anal EStim versus PFMT alone compared with another active treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events: e.g. soreness, discomfort, cramps, pain · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing surface or skin‐related adverse events: e.g. skin reactions, bruising, hypersensitivity to gel · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing surface or skin‐related adverse events: e.g. skin reactions, bruising, hypersensitivity to gel · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery
1 finding from 1 review