Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

185 questions · 187 findings · 30 reviews

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No studies found 32 · 17.1%GRADE not reported 4 · 2.1%Very low 58 · 31%Low 59 · 31.6%Moderate 29 · 15.5%High 5 · 2.7%

Usual care vs immunosuppressive withdrawal after monotherapy

Adverse events · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission

Usual care showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with immunosuppressive withdrawal after monotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Withdrawal of immunosuppressant or biologic therapy for patients with quiescent Crohn's disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.67, 1.17]
3 studies · 186 participants
Low

Usual care vs immunosuppressive withdrawal after combination therapy

Adverse events · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission

Usual care showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with immunosuppressive withdrawal after combination therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Withdrawal of immunosuppressant or biologic therapy for patients with quiescent Crohn's disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.44, 2.81]
2 studies · 111 participants
Low

Cannabis oil (5% cannabidiol sublingual oil) vs placebo oil

Adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Cannabis oil (15% cannabidiol and 4% THC) vs placebo oil

Adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Cannabis cigarettes (115 mg THC) vs placebo cigarettes

Adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease

It is very uncertain whether cannabis cigarettes (115 mg THC) changes adverse events compared with placebo cigarettes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.09 [1.15, 14.57]
1 study · 21 participants
Very low

Anti‐TB therapy vs placebo

Adverse events · maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease

It is very uncertain whether anti‐TB therapy changes adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐tuberculous therapy for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.57 [1.45, 4.55]
4 studies · 322 participants
Very low

Azathioprine vs infliximab

Adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease

Azathioprine showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with infliximab (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.93, 1.08]
1 study · 324 participants
Moderate

Azathioprine + infliximab vs infliximab

Adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease

Azathioprine + infliximab showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with infliximab (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.94, 1.09]
1 study · 342 participants
Moderate

Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine vs methotrexate

Adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease

Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine may leads to lower adverse events compared with methotrexate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.42 [0.21, 0.82]
2 studies · 85 participants
Low

5‐ASA vs placebo

Adverse events · patients with maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease

5‐ASA showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.95, 1.17]
10 studies · 1814 participants
Low

Ustekinumab vs placebo

Adverse events · induction of remission in Crohn's disease

Ustekinumab showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐IL‐12/23p40 antibodies for induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.9, 1.04]
4 studies · 2023 participants
High

Azathioprine + infliximab vs infliximab

Adverse events · maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease

It is very uncertain whether azathioprine and infliximab changes adverse events compared with infliximab (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.6 [0.33, 7.86]
1 study · 45 participants
Very low

6‐Mercaptopurine vs methotrexate

Adverse events · maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease

It is very uncertain whether 6‐Mercaptopurine changes adverse events compared with methotrexate (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.65 [0.31, 1.38]
1 study · 57 participants
Very low

Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine vs placebo

Adverse events · maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease

Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine may leads to higher adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [1.02, 1.64]
6 studies · 359 participants
Low

Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine vs mesalazine or sulfasalazine

Adverse events · maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease

It is very uncertain whether azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine changes adverse events compared with mesalazine or sulfasalazine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 8.77 [0.54, 142.51]
1 study · 45 participants
Very low

GM-CSF vs placebo

Adverse events · induction of remission in Crohn's disease

GM‐CSF showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sargramostim (GM‐CSF) for induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.99, 1.15]
2 studies · 251 participants
Moderate

Subcutaneous CT‐P13 and purine analogues vs intravenous CT‐P13 and purine analogues

Serious adverse events · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Adalimumab vs active comparators

Serious adverse events · People with quiescent Crohn's disease (ileocolic resection)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Adalimumab for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Adalimumab vs placebo

Serious adverse events · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission

Adalimumab probably leads to lower serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adalimumab for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.56 [0.39, 0.8]
4 studies · 1012 participants
Moderate

5‐ASA vs placebo

Serious adverse events · people with surgically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease

5‐ASAs showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of surgically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.44, 2.59]
3 studies · 577 participants
Low