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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

27 questions · 27 findings · 12 reviews · Oral and maxillofacial surgery

No studies found 10 · 37%GRADE not reported 7 · 25.9%Very low 8 · 29.6%Low 1 · 3.7%Moderate 1 · 3.7%High 0 · 0%

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Adverse effects · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs High-content fluoride toothpaste (1350 ppm)

Adverse effects · Adults with head and neck cancer undergoing curative or adjuvant radiotherapy (at risk of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws)
1 finding from 1 review

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) following extractions vs penicillin G

Adverse effects · Adults with head and neck cancer undergoing curative or adjuvant radiotherapy (at risk of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws)
1 finding from 1 review

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard care (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse) vs Standard care alone (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse)

Adverse effects · People with BRONJ (mean age ~66 years; most treated with bisphosphonates for cancer (multiple myeloma, breast cancer) or osteoporosis)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PRP (platelet-rich plasma) in cellulose foam placed in extraction socket vs placebo, no treatment or surveillance only

Adverse effects (wound pain) · Adults with head and neck cancer undergoing curative or adjuvant radiotherapy (at risk of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws)
1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment with appliances inducing stable, permanent orthodontic tooth movement (splints worn 8 to 12 weeks and surgical interventions excluded) vs Control: no treatment, placebo, or reassurance

Adverse effects on oral health · Adults aged 18 years or older with clinically diagnosed TMD (exhibiting two or more of the listed signs and/or symptoms)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate vs corticosteroid injection

Complications (adverse effects) · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate showed no clear difference in complications (adverse effects) compared with intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (betamethasone); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral diclofenac sodium (NSAID) vs splint

Complications (adverse effects) · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Diclofenac sodium (oral NSAID) showed no clear difference in complications (adverse effects) compared with occlusal splint therapy; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Side effects or other adverse events · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions

Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic… showed no clear difference in side effects or other adverse events compared with placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary (complete) wound closure vs Secondary (partial) wound closure

Adverse effects (reactionary bleeding) · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal

It is very uncertain whether primary (complete) wound closure changes adverse effects (reactionary bleeding) compared with secondary (partial) wound closure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Maxillary distraction osteogenesis vs Orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy)

Clinical morbidities (adverse effects) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
1 finding from 1 review

Combined HBO and perioperative antibiotics prior to dental implant therapy vs antibiotics alone

Adverse effects (including quality of life) · Adults with head and neck cancer undergoing curative or adjuvant radiotherapy (at risk of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws)
1 finding from 1 review