What do systematic reviews say?

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

• Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Colchicine (0.5 mg per day for 3 months) vs prednisolone

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 months
  Colchicine was associated with statistically significantly more adverse effects than prednisolone (nine participants reporting adverse effects on colchicine versus two on prednisolone).
  1 study · 34 participants
  GRADE not reported

Levamisole 50 mg three times per day for days 1 and 2 vs Levamisole 50 mg three times per day for day 1 and placebo for day 2 (lower dose)

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  16 weeks
  Two patients in each group reported unwanted effects.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Rofecoxib (oral, 50 mg on first day then 25 to 50 mg per day for 4 days) vs Tinidazole (1 g per day for 3 days)

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 days
  No adverse effects reported in translation.
  1 study · 60 participants
  GRADE not reported

Preventive interventions vs no preventive interventions

• Preventive interventions for postnatal psychosis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs (Optimised) usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the included studies assessed adverse effects of the intervention.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Multifactorial interventions vs exercise

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Information or education intervention vs no education

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Information or education interventions for adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients and their carers 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Aciclovir (oral or intravenous) for treatment vs placebo

• Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer 2009 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects were assessed in both studies. For intravenous aciclovir the most commonly reported adverse effect was a reaction at the injection site (8 (16%) aciclovir versus 3 (7%) placebo; all patients, n = 97);…
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin B12 (sublingual, 1000 mcg daily for 6 months) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  No adverse events were associated with receiving vitamin B12 or placebo in this study.
  1 study · 58 participants
  GRADE not reported

Pentoxifylline vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  60 days (plus 60-day follow-up)
  Patients receiving pentoxifylline reported more adverse events than those in the placebo group but this was not statistically significant (69% reported adverse effects: dizziness, headaches, stomach upset, increased…
  1 study · 26 participants
  GRADE not reported

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo/usual care or different forms of intervention

• Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 114 participants
  Very low

Light vibrational forces (LVF) vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Light vibrational forces (LVF) showed no clear difference in harms: non-serious adverse effects (headache, discomfort, loosening… compared with conventional orthodontic appliance treatment (placebo or no adjunct); GRADE not reported.

• Non‐surgical adjunctive interventions for accelerating tooth movement in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.96 [0.32, 2.85]
  1 study · 45 participants
  GRADE not reported

Beta-glucan (1.3/1.6 beta-glucan 10 mg twice daily for 20 days) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  20 days
  There was no reporting of adverse effects.
  1 study · 31 participants
  GRADE not reported

Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (20 mg twice daily for 90 days) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  90 days
  No differences in adverse events were reported.
  1 study · 50 participants
  GRADE not reported

Clofazimine (100 mg daily for 30 days, then 100 mg every other day) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  Clofazimine was associated with an increase in cutaneous adverse effects (skin pigmentation and drying) (Fisher's exact test P=0.015), but these were reported to be easily controlled.
  1 study · 43 participants
  GRADE not reported

Information or education intervention as part of a complex intervention vs complex intervention without information or education

• Information or education interventions for adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients and their carers 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 59 participants
  Very low

Multi‐component intervention vs usual care or attention control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multi‐component intervention vs exercise

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found