Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

94 questions · 94 findings · 27 reviews

No studies found 10 · 10.6%GRADE not reported 23 · 24.5%Very low 29 · 30.9%Low 6 · 6.4%Moderate 24 · 25.5%High 2 · 2.1%

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs no treatment

Adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound not healing · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack or cold gel pad) changes adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound not healing compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs cooling treatment (cold gel pad)

Adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound not healing · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack) changes adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound not healing compared with cooling treatment (cold gel pad) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs no treatment

Adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound edges gaping · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack or cold gel pad) changes adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound edges gaping compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs cooling treatment (cold gel pad)

Adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound edges gaping · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack) changes adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound edges gaping compared with cooling treatment (cold gel pad) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Colchicine (0.5 mg three times per day) vs Clofazimine (100 mg daily for 30 days, then 100 mg every other day)

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Clofazimine was associated with an increase in cutaneous adverse effects (Fisher's exact test P=0.015), easily controlled; there was a greater percentage of treatment interruptions in the colchicine group due to…
    1 study · 46 participants
    GRADE not reported

Colchicine (0.5 mg per day for 3 months) vs prednisolone

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review

Levamisole 50 mg three times per day for days 1 and 2 vs Levamisole 50 mg three times per day for day 1 and placebo for day 2 (lower dose)

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side effects (2‐10 weeks) vs. high dose (> 15‐35 mg/day) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) probably leads to higher adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ when compared with low dose… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side effects (2‐10 weeks) vs. standard higher dose (> 7.5‐15 mg/day) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ Versus low dose (greater than or… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) probably leads to higher adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ when compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus standard‐lower dose (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ Versus standard‐lower dose… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus standard‐lower dose (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) probably leads to lower adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS:… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) showed no clear difference in adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS:… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ dystonia ‐ versus low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) probably leads to higher adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review