Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

23 questions · 23 findings · 2 reviews · Oral medicine and oral cancer

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 13 · 56.5%Very low 10 · 43.5%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Colchicine (0.5 mg three times per day) vs Clofazimine (100 mg daily for 30 days, then 100 mg every other day)

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Clofazimine was associated with an increase in cutaneous adverse effects (Fisher's exact test P=0.015), easily controlled; there was a greater percentage of treatment interruptions in the colchicine group due to…
    1 study · 46 participants
    GRADE not reported

Colchicine (0.5 mg per day for 3 months) vs prednisolone

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review

Levamisole 50 mg three times per day for days 1 and 2 vs Levamisole 50 mg three times per day for day 1 and placebo for day 2 (lower dose)

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review

Levamisole (150 mg per day) vs placebo

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review

Colchicine (0.5 mg three times per day) vs placebo

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
  • There was a greater percentage of treatment interruptions in the colchicine group due to gastrointestinal adverse effects (Fisher's exact test P=0.009). The review noted potential evidence of harm at a dose of 1.5 mg…
    1 study · 43 participants
    GRADE not reported

Pentoxifylline vs placebo

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
    60 days (plus 60-day follow-up)
    Patients receiving pentoxifylline reported more adverse events than those in the placebo group but this was not statistically significant (69% reported adverse effects: dizziness, headaches, stomach upset, increased…
    1 study · 26 participants
    GRADE not reported

Clofazimine (100 mg daily for 30 days, then 100 mg every other day) vs placebo

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse event: tremor · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: tremor compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects: headache · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: headache compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Frequency of adverse effects ‐ dizziness ( · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: dizziness compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects: dry mouth · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: dry mouth compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cholinergics (bethanechol 15 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects (narrative) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    short-term (up to 3 months)
    SoF4. Adverse effects: single study narratively reported 4 participants (20%) in the bethanechol arm experienced adverse events (nausea, dizziness, blood pressure fall, cold perspiration or sporadic abdominal pain);…
    1 study · 40 participants
    Very low

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Somnolence · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: drowsiness compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects: palpitations · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: palpitations compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review