What do systematic reviews say?

Extra-oral pulp extirpation at day 0 vs Intra-oral pulp extirpation at day 7

• Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Giannetti 2006 did not report this outcome; following email correspondence, authors reported no adverse effects were seen (uncertain whether formally assessed).
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Colchicine (0.5 mg three times per day) vs Clofazimine (100 mg daily for 30 days, then 100 mg every other day)

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  Clofazimine was associated with an increase in cutaneous adverse effects (Fisher's exact test P=0.015), easily controlled; there was a greater percentage of treatment interruptions in the colchicine group due to…
  1 study · 46 participants
  GRADE not reported

Colchicine (0.5 mg per day for 3 months) vs prednisolone

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 months
  Colchicine was associated with statistically significantly more adverse effects than prednisolone (nine participants reporting adverse effects on colchicine versus two on prednisolone).
  1 study · 34 participants
  GRADE not reported

Ledermix root canal medicament (day 0 to 10) vs Ultracal root canal medicament (day 7 to 10)

• Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Day 2012 used a formal methodology to identify and report adverse effects, with none identified.
  1 study · 22 participants
  GRADE not reported

Levamisole 50 mg three times per day for days 1 and 2 vs Levamisole 50 mg three times per day for day 1 and placebo for day 2 (lower dose)

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  16 weeks
  Two patients in each group reported unwanted effects.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Rofecoxib (oral, 50 mg on first day then 25 to 50 mg per day for 4 days) vs Tinidazole (1 g per day for 3 days)

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 days
  No adverse effects reported in translation.
  1 study · 60 participants
  GRADE not reported

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

• Haloperidol dose for the acute phase of schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.59 [0.45, 0.78]
  3 studies · 144 participants
  Very low

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) probably leads to higher adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ when compared with low dose… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

• Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.22 [1.19, 4.14]
  2 studies · 262 participants
  Moderate

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

• Haloperidol dose for the acute phase of schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.12 [0.01, 2.12]
  2 studies · 64 participants
  Very low

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ Versus low dose (greater than or… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

• Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.24 [0.57, 2.69]
  2 studies · 173 participants
  Moderate

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) probably leads to higher adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ when compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

• Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.79 [1.01, 3.18]
  2 studies · 261 participants
  Moderate

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ Versus standard‐lower dose… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

• Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.46 [0.74, 8.14]
  1 study · 39 participants
  Moderate

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) probably leads to lower adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS:… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

• Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.44 [0.32, 0.6]
  1 study · 124 participants
  Moderate

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) showed no clear difference in adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS:… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

• Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.37, 1.75]
  2 studies · 173 participants
  Moderate

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) probably leads to higher adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ tremor… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

• Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.18 [1.1, 15.85]
  1 study · 27 participants
  Moderate

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) probably leads to higher adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

• Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 7.43 [1.07, 51.54]
  1 study · 27 participants
  Moderate

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) probably leads to higher adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS:… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

• Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.28 [1.67, 3.11]
  1 study · 124 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled tobramycin (TNS) (28 days) vs TNS (56 days)

• Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 77 participants
  Very low

Xylitol syrup (high dose, 8 g/day) vs Control (low-dose xylitol, 2.67 g/day) syrup

• Xylitol‐containing products for preventing dental caries in children and adults 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  12 months
  Adverse effects were not reported in a usable format, but the reported rates of loose stools and diarrhoea were very similar between groups. There were no serious adverse effects during the study. Milgrom 2009.
  1 study · 94 participants
  GRADE not reported

Xylitol candy (7.5 g/day) vs Control (sorbitol) candy

• Xylitol‐containing products for preventing dental caries in children and adults 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  36 months
  The authors reported that there were no adverse effects for either group. Honkala 2014.
  1 study · 252 participants
  GRADE not reported