Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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34 questions · 35 findings · 1 reviews · Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders

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No studies found 13 · 37.1%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 9 · 25.7%Moderate 8 · 22.9%High 5 · 14.3%

Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Mortality(in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19

Obesity Class II leads to higher mortality(in‐hospital) compared with normal Weight or Non‐Obese (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Odds Ratio 1.16
11 studies · 317925 participants
High

Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Mechanical ventilation(in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19

Obesity Class II leads to higher mechanical ventilation(in‐hospital) compared with normal Weight or Non‐Obese (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Odds Ratio 1.67
6 studies · 171149 participants
High

Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

ICU admission(in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19

Obesity Class II may leads to higher ICU admission(in‐hospital) compared with normal Weight or Non‐Obese (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Odds Ratio 1.02
4 studies · 157665 participants
Low

Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Hospital admissions · Adults with COVID‐19

Obesity Class II probably leads to higher hospitalisation(30‐days, community) compared with normal Weight or Non‐Obese (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Odds Ratio 1.04
3 studies · 293707 participants
Moderate

Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Severe COVID · Adults with COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Pneumonia · Adults with COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Â · Adults with COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

OutcomesTime frame of absolute effects · Adults with COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Obesity Class III vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

OutcomesTime frame of absolute effects · Adults with COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Obesity Class III vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Mortality(in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19

Obesity Class III may leads to higher mortality(in‐hospital) compared with normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Odds Ratio 1.67
19 studies · 354967 participants
Low

Obesity Class III vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Mechanical ventilation(in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19

Obesity Class III leads to higher mechanical ventilation(in‐hospital) compared with normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40 (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Odds Ratio 2.17
11 studies · 174520 participants
High

Obesity Class III vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

ICU admission (adjusted for at least DM, HTN, cardiovascular disease, age, and sex)(in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19

Obesity Class III probably leads to higher ICU admission (adjusted for at least DM, HTN, cardiovascular… compared with normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40 (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Odds Ratio 1.2
3 studies · 155405 participants
Moderate

Obesity Class III vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Hospitalisation (30 days, community) · Adults with COVID‐19

Obesity Class III may leads to higher hospitalisation (adjusted for DM, HTN, cardiovascular disease, age,… compared with normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40 (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Odds Ratio 1.35
4 studies · 293004 participants
Low
Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Odds Ratio 1.77
7 studies · 747176 participants
Low

Obesity Class III vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

ICU admission(in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19

Obesity Class III may leads to higher ICU admission (in‐hospital) compared with normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Odds Ratio 2.26
7 studies · 15691 participants
Low

Obesity Class III vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Severe COVID · Adults with COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Obesity Class III vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Pneumonia · Adults with COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Obesity Class III vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Â · Adults with COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Obesity Class I vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

OutcomesTime frame of absolute effects · Adults with COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Obesity Class I vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Mortality(in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19

Obesity Class I leads to higher mortality(in‐hospital) compared with normal Weight or Non‐Obese (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Odds Ratio 1.04
15 studies · 335209 participants
High

Obesity Class I vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Mechanical ventilation(in‐hospital) · Adults with COVID‐19

Obesity Class I probably leads to higher mechanical ventilation(in‐hospital) compared with normal Weight or Non‐Obese (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Odds Ratio 1.38
10 studies · 187895 participants
Moderate