Menstrual blood loss: mean loss
2 findings from 1 review
Malignant transformation (oral cancer development) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
It is very uncertain whether vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic… changes oral cancer development compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical resolution (oral lesion not completely resolved) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement of histological features (not improved) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic… probably leads to lower improvement of histological features (not improved) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
SoF 1, Safety of the intervention at 4 to 12 months: '3 studies (1 each evaluating topical acitretin, topical 13-cis-retinoic acid, 200,000 IU per week of vitamin A) found no adverse effects. Systemic 13-cis-retinoic…
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Anaemia · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
It is very uncertain whether provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron… changes anaemia (defined as haemoglobin (Hb) below WHO cut‐off, adjusted for… compared with unfortified maize flours or maize flour products (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Iron deficiency (as defined by study authors, based on a biomarker of iron status) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
It is very uncertain whether provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron… changes iron deficiency (as defined by trialists, based on a biomarker of… compared with unfortified maize flours or maize flour products (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Haemoglobin (g/dL) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
1 finding from 1 review
Ferritin (µg/L) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
1 finding from 1 review
Any adverse effects (including constipation, nausea, vomiting, heartburn or diarrhoea, as measured by trialists) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomesshort-term (up to 3 months)
SoF5 Dietary supplements vs placebo. Symptom relief short-term: insufficient or contradictory evidence regarding benefit of any evaluated dietary supplement; 628 participants (12 RCTs); very low. Subgroups: ALA without…
12 studies · 628 participants
Very low
Myocardial infarction · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women
Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine;… showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction compared with placebo or standard care (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Stroke · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women
Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine;… leads to lower stroke compared with placebo or standard care (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Death by any cause · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women
Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine;… showed no clear difference in death by any cause compared with placebo or standard care (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women
Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine;… showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo or standard care (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Ulcer healing · people with diabetes and foot ulcers
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
2 findings from 1 review
Quality of life · people with diabetes and foot ulcers
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events (death) · people with diabetes and foot ulcers
It is very uncertain whether oral nutritional supplement with 20 g protein per 200 mL bottle, 1… changes adverse events (death) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Development of any new foot ulcers · people with diabetes and foot ulcers
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Amputation · people with diabetes and foot ulcers
It is very uncertain whether oral nutritional supplement with 20 g protein per 200 mL bottle, 1… changes amputation rate compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review