Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

13 questions · 14 findings · 2 reviews

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No studies found 2 · 14.3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 7.1%Low 4 · 28.6%Moderate 5 · 35.7%High 2 · 14.3%

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or usual care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.83, 0.93]
19 studies · 1202382 participants
High

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Vomiting · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation probably leads to higher vomiting compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.97 [1.44, 2.69]
4 studies · 10541 participants
Moderate

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Vitamin A deficiency · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation probably leads to lower vitamin A deficiency compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.65, 0.78]
4 studies · 2262 participants
Moderate

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Mortality due to diarrhoea · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation leads to lower mortality due to diarrhoea compared with placebo or usual care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.79, 0.98]
9 studies · 1098538 participants
High

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Mortality due to measles · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in mortality due to measles compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.69, 1.11]
6 studies · 1088261 participants
Low

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Mortality due to LRTI · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in mortality due to LRTI compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.86, 1.12]
9 studies · 1098538 participants
Low

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Diarrhoea incidence Mean episodes per child per year · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation may leads to lower diarrhoea incidence Mean episodes per child per year compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.82, 0.87]
15 studies · 77946 participants
Low

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Measles incidence Mean episodes of measles per child per year · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation probably leads to lower measles incidence Mean episodes of measles per child per year compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.37, 0.67]
6 studies · 19566 participants
Moderate

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Incidence of LRTI · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in LRTI incidence Mean episodes per child per year compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.92, 1.06]
11 studies · 27540 participants
Low

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Bitot's spots incidence · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation probably leads to lower bitot's spots incidence compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.42 [0.33, 0.53]
5 studies · 1063278 participants
Moderate

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Night blindness incidence · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation probably leads to lower night blindness incidence compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.32 [0.21, 0.5]
2 studies · 22972 participants
Moderate

High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day from pregnancy week 24 to 1 week postpartum, in addition to the recommended 400 IU/day) vs Low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in national pregnancy guidelines

Caries presence in primary teeth · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years…

It is very uncertain whether high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day… changes caries presence in primary teeth compared with low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
Children assessed at 6 yrs
RR 0.99 [0.70, 1.41]
1 study · 496 participants
Very low

High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day from pregnancy week 24 to 1 week postpartum, in addition to the recommended 400 IU/day) vs Low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in national pregnancy guidelines

Dental caries · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
dmft was listed in the SoF table but not assessed (not reported for this comparison).
0 studies
No studies found
Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
dmfs was listed in the SoF table but not assessed (not reported for this comparison).
0 studies
No studies found