Topical NSAIDs vs topical placeboAll topical NSAIDs Local adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull1 finding from 1 reviewTopical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted42 studies · 6125 participantsHigh
Topical NSAIDs vs topical placeboAll topical NSAIDs Systemic adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull1 finding from 1 reviewTopical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted38 studies · 5372 participantsHigh
Topical NSAIDs vs topical placeboAll topical NSAIDs Withdrawals ‐ adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull1 finding from 1 reviewTopical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted42 studies · 5790 participantsHigh
Topical NSAIDs vs topical placeboAt least 50% reduction in pain · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull2 findings from 1 reviewTopical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted2 studies · 314 participantsHighTopical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted5 studies · 348 participantsModerate
Topical NSAIDs vs topical placeboClinical success (eg 50% reduction in pain) Chronic conditions · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull1 finding from 1 reviewTopical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted2 studies · 241 participantsModerate
Topical NSAIDs vs topical placeboSerious adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull1 finding from 1 reviewTopical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extractedStudies not reportedLow