Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

7 questions · 7 findings · 1 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 4 · 57.1%Moderate 3 · 42.9%High 0 · 0%

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination vs tiotropium

Mortality (all‐cause) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination showed no clear difference in mortality (all‐cause) compared with tiotropium (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination inhaled steroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus tiotropium or combination… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.8 [0.55, 5.91]
2 studies · 961 participants
Moderate

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination vs tiotropium

Hospital admissions · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination showed no clear difference in hospital admission (all causes) compared with tiotropium (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination inhaled steroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus tiotropium or combination… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.84 [0.53, 1.33]
2 studies · 961 participants
Low

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination vs tiotropium

Exacerbations · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination showed no clear difference in exacerbation ‐ at 12‐month compared with tiotropium (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination inhaled steroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus tiotropium or combination… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.89 [0.56, 1.41]
1 study · 301 participants
Low

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination vs tiotropium

Non‐fatal serious adverse events · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (non‐fatal) compared with tiotropium (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination inhaled steroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus tiotropium or combination… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.86 [0.57, 1.3]
4 studies · 1758 participants
Low

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination vs tiotropium

Quality of life St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Combination inhaled steroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus tiotropium or combination… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 4 participants
Low

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination vs tiotropium

FEV1 · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Combination inhaled steroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus tiotropium or combination… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 4 participants
Moderate

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination vs tiotropium

FEV1 pre‐dose ‐ FEV1 1 year · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Combination inhaled steroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus tiotropium or combination… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Moderate