What do systematic reviews say?

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone showed no clear difference in micro‐ to macroalbuminuria Median compared with angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB (low certainty).

• Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.77, 1.49]
  4 studies · 2410 participants
  Low

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) alone showed no clear difference in micro‐ to normoalbuminuria Median compared with angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors plus ARB (low certainty).

• Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.74, 1.45]
  3 studies · 151 participants
  Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i leads to higher improvement in WHO functional class compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 8.59 [3.95, 18.72]
  4 studies · 282 participants
  High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 509 participants
  Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo, on combination therapy (moderate certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.26 [0.07, 1.06]
  3 studies · 492 participants
  Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 267 participants
  Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 387 participants
  High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 310 participants
  High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 303 participants
  High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in improvement in WHO functional class compared with ERA (moderate certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.94 [0.55, 1.6]
  1 study · 244 participants
  Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 36 participants
  Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in mortality compared with ERA (moderate certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 3.19 [0.74, 13.64]
  2 studies · 272 participants
  Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 25 participants
  Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 880 participants
  Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 11 participants
  Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 11 participants
  Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 11 participants
  Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 11 participants
  Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i leads to lower mortality compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.22 [0.07, 0.68]
  8 studies · 1119 participants
  High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 163 participants
  GRADE not reported