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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

13 questions · 13 findings · 1 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 6 · 46.2%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 7.7%Low 1 · 7.7%Moderate 3 · 23.1%High 2 · 15.4%

Summary of findings table ‐ 20 mL 1% lidocaine paracervical block vs normal saline paracervical block

Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 13+6 weeks' gestation or less (Chin 2020 included people experiencing an early pregnancy loss)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Two pumps of 10% cervical lidocaine spray and paracervical block vs two pumps of cervical normal saline spray and paracervical block

Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at seven weeks' gestation or less

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Two pumps of 10% cervical lidocaine spray and paracervical block vs two pumps of cervical normal saline spray and paracervical block

Pain with aspiration ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at seven weeks' gestation or less

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review