Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

31 questions · 31 findings · 2 reviews

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No studies found 7 · 22.6%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 8 · 25.8%Low 10 · 32.3%Moderate 5 · 16.1%High 1 · 3.2%

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Toxicity · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s)… changes toxicity compared with control intervention alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1638 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 4): targeted therapy agent plus control intervention vs control intervention

Toxicity · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table (subcomparison 4): targeted therapy agent… changes toxicity compared with control intervention alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 3020 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 5): chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Toxicity · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table: chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s)… changes toxicity compared with control intervention alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 3296 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 5): chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Toxicity · palliative participants with AC of the esophagus

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table (subcomparison 5): chemotherapy or… changes toxicity compared with control intervention alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 2676 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 5): chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Toxicity · palliative participants with SCC of the esophagus

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table (subcomparison 6): chemotherapy or… changes toxicity compared with control intervention alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 150 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Toxicity · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma previously treated with chemotherapy

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line… changes toxicity compared with control intervention alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1638 participants
Very low

Selenium vs no intervention

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · Women undergoing RT for gynecological cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Amifostine vs no intervention

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · People with urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

Summary of findings: Amifostine may leads to lower acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) compared with no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.25
3 studies · 278 participants
Low

Probiotics vs placebo or control

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · People undergoing RT for pelvic cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Counselling vs no intervention

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · People undergoing RT for pelvic cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: BT vs external beam radiotherapy (EBRT)

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · People with urological (prostate) and gynaecological (endometrial) cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: Hydrogel spacer vs no intervention

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer

Summary of findings: Hydrogel spacer showed no clear difference in acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) compared with no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.51 [0.08, 3.38]
2 studies · 289 participants
Low

Summary of findings: IMRT vs 3DCRT

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · People with urological (prostate) and gynaecological (cervical) cancer

Summary of findings: IMRT may leads to lower acute and late GI toxicity Grade 2+ compared with 3DCRT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.48 [0.26, 0.88]
4 studies · 444 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Endorectal balloon vs no intervention

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Endorectal balloon changes acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.41, 2.42]
1 study · 48 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: Proteolytic enzymes vs placebo or control

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · People undergoing RT for pelvic cancer

Summary of findings: Proteolytic enzymes may leads to lower acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) compared with control (placebo or no intervention) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.45 [0.24, 0.88]
1 study · 120 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Protein supplements vs no intervention

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · People undergoing RT for pelvic cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) vs no intervention

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · people with Rectal Cancer

Summary of findings: Superoxide dismutase may leads to lower acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) compared with no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.2 [0.05, 0.86]
1 study · 92 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Bile acid sequestrants vs no intervention

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · People with pelvic cancer

Summary of findings: Bile acid sequestrants may leads to higher acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) compared with no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.24 [1.07, 16.7]
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Glutamine vs placebo

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · People undergoing RT for pelvic cancer

Summary of findings: Glutamine showed no clear difference in acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.4 [0.68, 8.53]
1 study · 69 participants
Low