Post-treatment pain within 1 week (from first session) · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
Single-visit root canal treatment probably leads to higher post-treatment pain within 1 week (from first session) compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
Single-visit root canal treatment showed no clear difference in postoperative pain in the immediate postobturation period (up to 72… compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Tooth extraction due to endodontic problems · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
It is very uncertain whether single-visit root canal treatment changes tooth extraction due to endodontic problems compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Swelling or flare-up · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
It is very uncertain whether single-visit root canal treatment changes swelling or flare-up compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Analgesic (painkiller) use · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
It is very uncertain whether single-visit root canal treatment changes analgesic (painkiller) use compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain at two weeks (postobturation) · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
Single-visit root canal treatment showed no clear difference in pain at two weeks (postobturation) compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Pain at 12 months or more (long-term postobturation pain) · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
1 finding from 1 review
Sinus or fistula formation at last · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
It is very uncertain whether single-visit root canal treatment changes sinus tract or fistula formation compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative pain intensity in the immediate postobturation period (up to 72 hours), continuous (VAS) · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
Single-visit root canal treatment showed no clear difference in postoperative pain intensity in the immediate postobturation period… compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain at 1 month · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
1 finding from 1 review
One study (Dhyani 2022) reported pain at 1 month: 60 teeth (all vital at enrolment, mechanical NiTi), 0 events (no participant reported pain at 1 month); no meta-analysis
1 study · 60 participants
GRADE not reported
Postobturation pain at 1 week · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
It is very uncertain whether single-visit root canal treatment changes postobturation pain at 1 week compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Radiological failure (periapical radiolucency) after at least 1 year · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
Single-visit root canal treatment showed no clear difference in radiological failure (periapical radiolucency) after at least 1 year compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review