Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

9 questions · 9 findings · 1 reviews · Stroke

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 1 · 11.1%Moderate 5 · 55.6%High 3 · 33.3%

SGLT2i vs placebo

Cardiovascular mortality · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

SGLT2i probably leads to lower cardiovascular mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.82 [0.7, 0.95]
5 studies · 24962 participants
Moderate

SGLT2i vs placebo

Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

SGLT2i showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction (fatal or non‐fatal) compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.97 [0.84, 1.12]
2 studies · 15266 participants
High

SGLT2i vs placebo

Fatal or nonfatal stroke · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

SGLT2i showed no clear difference in stroke (fatal or non‐fatal) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.12 [0.92, 1.36]
2 studies · 15266 participants
Moderate

SGLT2i vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

SGLT2i probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.84 [0.74, 0.96]
5 studies · 24962 participants
Moderate

SGLT2i vs placebo

Heart failure hospitalisation (RR) · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

SGLT2i leads to lower hospitalisation for HF compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.65 [0.59, 0.71]
5 studies · 24962 participants
High

SGLT2i vs placebo

Worsening kidney function · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

SGLT2i probably leads to lower worsening renal function compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.59 [0.43, 0.82]
2 studies · 8474 participants
Moderate

SGLT2i vs placebo

Hypoglycaemia · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

SGLT2i showed no clear difference in hypoglycaemia compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.9 [0.75, 1.07]
4 studies · 21232 participants
Moderate

SGLT2i vs placebo

Pancreatitis · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

SGLT2i showed no clear difference in pancreatitis compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.85 [0.39, 1.86]
1 study · 8246 participants
Low

SGLT2i vs placebo

Fracture · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

SGLT2i showed no clear difference in fracture compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.02 [0.88, 1.18]
5 studies · 24962 participants
High