Spontaneous vaginal birth · pregnant women in labour at term
It is very uncertain whether routine vaginal examination changes spontaneous vaginal birth (primary outcome)№ of participants: 307(1… compared with routine rectal examination (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.98 [0.9, 1.06]
Studies not reported
Very low
Spontaneous vaginal birth · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in spontaneous vaginal birth (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1… compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.08 [0.73, 1.59]
Studies not reported
Low
Spontaneous vaginal birth · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Chorioamnionitis · pregnant women in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Neonatal infection · pregnant women in labour at term
It is very uncertain whether routine vaginal examination changes neonatal infection (primary outcome)№ of participants: 307(1 RCT) compared with routine rectal examination (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.33 [0.01, 8.07]
Studies not reported
Very low
Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · pregnant women in labour at term
It is very uncertain whether routine vaginal examination changes admission to neonatal intensive care unit№ of participants: 307(1 RCT) compared with routine rectal examination (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.32 [0.47, 3.73]
Studies not reported
Very low
Maternal pain (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Positive birth experience (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women in labour at term
It is very uncertain whether routine vaginal examination changes augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: 307(1 RCT) compared with routine rectal examination (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.03 [0.63, 1.68]
Studies not reported
Very low
Positive birth experience (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
Routine vaginal examinations may leads to higher augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 2.55 [1.03, 6.31]
Studies not reported
Low
Chorioamnionitis · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in chorioamnionitis (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 3.06 [0.13, 74.21]
Studies not reported
Low
Neonatal infection · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in neonatal infection (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 4.08 [0.46, 35.87]
Studies not reported
Low
Admission to NICU (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in admission to NICU (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 2.04 [0.63, 6.56]
Studies not reported
Low
Maternal pain (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Spontaneous vaginal birth · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
It is very uncertain whether routine 4‐hourly vaginal examinations changes spontaneous vaginal birth (primary outcome)№ of participants: 150(1… compared with routine 2‐hourly vaginal examinations (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.02 [0.83, 1.26]
Studies not reported
Very low
Positive birth experience (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Chorioamnionitis · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Neonatal infection · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found