Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) vs shamPatient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with chronic pain1 finding from 1 reviewNon‐invasive brain stimulation techniques for chronic pain 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted27 studies · 655 participantsLow
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) vs shamDisability (0 to < 1 week postintervention) measured using self‐reported disability/pain interference scales · adults with chronic pain1 finding from 1 reviewNon‐invasive brain stimulation techniques for chronic pain 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted5 studies · 119 participantsVery low
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) vs shamQoL · adults with chronic pain1 finding from 1 reviewNon‐invasive brain stimulation techniques for chronic pain 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted4 studies · 105 participantsLow