Findings

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10 questions · 10 findings · 2 reviews · Orthodontics

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No studies found 2 · 20%GRADE not reported 7 · 70%Very low 0 · 0%Low 1 · 10%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Psychological interventions vs no treatment

Adverse events · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
SoF (psychological interventions vs no treatment): Adverse events - insufficient information reported. Table 3 (adverse outcomes after one month; Haryett 1967), psychological treatment group: reported upset 1/11 (9%);…
1 study
GRADE not reported

Psychological interventions vs no treatment

Occlusion · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Occlusion: Not reported.
0 studies
No studies found

Psychological interventions (positive and negative reinforcement) vs no treatment

Sucking cessation (long term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

Psychological interventions (positive and negative reinforcement) led to higher sucking cessation (long term) compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long term (12 months or more)
RR 6.25 [1.65, 23.65]
1 study · 57 participants
GRADE not reported

Psychological interventions (positive/negative reinforcement, habit reversal, DRO) vs no treatment

Sucking cessation (short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

Psychological interventions (positive/negative reinforcement, habit… may leads to higher sucking cessation (short term) compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term (less than 12 months)
RR 6.16 [1.18, 32.10]
2 studies · 87 participants
Low

Psychological intervention + palatal arch vs Psychological intervention + palatal crib

Sucking cessation (short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

Psychological intervention + palatal arch led to lower sucking cessation (short term) compared with psychological intervention + palatal crib; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term (less than 12 months)
RR 0.30 [0.13, 0.74]
1 study · 22 participants
GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention (positive reinforcement) vs Alternative psychological intervention (negative reinforcement)

Sucking cessation (long term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long term (12 months or more)
Larsson 1972, comparing positive reinforcement with negative reinforcement, also provided long-term data. Again, no statistically significant between-group differences were shown (Analysis 6.2).
1 study
GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention (habit reversal / positive reinforcement) vs Alternative psychological intervention (DRO / negative reinforcement)

Sucking cessation (short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term (less than 12 months)
Christensen 1987 (20 participants) compared habit reversal (HR) with differential reinforcement of other behaviour (DRO): no statistically significant difference. Larsson 1972 (38 participants) compared positive with…
2 studies · 58 participants
GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention + orthodontic treatment (palatal crib or palatal arch) vs no treatment

Adverse events · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Table 3 (adverse outcomes after one month; Haryett 1967), combined psychological plus orthodontic treatment group: reported upset 4/22 (18%); speech difficulty 6/22 (27%); eating difficulty 6/22 (27%); developing…
1 study
GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention + orthodontic treatment (palatal crib or palatal arch) vs no treatment

Sucking cessation (short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

Psychological intervention + orthodontic treatment (palatal crib or… showed no clear difference in sucking cessation (short term) compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term (less than 12 months)
RR 6.36 [0.97, 41.96]
1 study · 32 participants
GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention: structured telephone call (verbal follow‐up and reassurance) vs placebo or no intervention

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found