Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

155 questions · 164 findings · 21 reviews

No studies found 23 · 14%GRADE not reported 36 · 22%Very low 47 · 28.7%Low 48 · 29.3%Moderate 10 · 6.1%High 0 · 0%

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Total mortalityDeaths · patients with coronary heart disease

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation showed no clear difference in total mortalityDeaths compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Cardiac mortalityDeaths · patients with coronary heart disease

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation may leads to lower cardiac mortalityDeaths compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Non‐fatal MI · patients with coronary heart disease

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation showed no clear difference in non‐fatal MI compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Revascularisation (CABG and PCI combined) · patients with coronary heart disease

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation showed no clear difference in revascularisation (CABG and PCI combined) compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke
2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

Depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment (primary outcome) · people with depression after stroke
1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention (habit reversal / positive reinforcement) vs Alternative psychological intervention (DRO / negative reinforcement)

Sucking cessation (short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Short term (less than 12 months)
    Christensen 1987 (20 participants) compared habit reversal (HR) with differential reinforcement of other behaviour (DRO): no statistically significant difference. Larsson 1972 (38 participants) compared positive with…
    2 studies · 58 participants
    GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention + orthodontic treatment (palatal crib or palatal arch) vs no treatment

Adverse events · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)
1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention + orthodontic treatment (palatal crib or palatal arch) vs no treatment

Sucking cessation (short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

Psychological intervention + orthodontic treatment (palatal crib or… showed no clear difference in sucking cessation (short term) compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention: structured telephone call (verbal follow‐up and reassurance) vs placebo or no intervention

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs usual care or no treatment

Observed flossing skill · Adults (aged 18 or over) diagnosed with periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis)
1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs usual care or no treatment

Plaque · Adults (aged 18 or over) diagnosed with periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis)
1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs usual care or no treatment

Self-efficacy beliefs (flossing) · Adults (aged 18 or over) diagnosed with periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis)
1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs attention control

Plaque · Adults (aged 18 or over) diagnosed with periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis)
1 finding from 1 review