Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

6 questions · 6 findings · 1 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

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No studies found 2 · 33.3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 4 · 66.7%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Number of participants with symptomatic UTI · primary VUR

Probiotics showed no clear difference in all symptomatic UTI by 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.56, 1.21]
2 studies · 248 participants
Low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Febrile UTI by 1 year · primary VUR

Probiotics showed no clear difference in febrile UTI by 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.37, 1.83]
1 study · 120 participants
Low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

E. coli resistance to prophylactic drug · primary VUR

Probiotics may leads to lower E. coli resistance to prophylactic drug compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.38 [0.21, 0.69]
2 studies · 38 participants
Low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Renal parenchymal defects on DMSA scan ‐ Patient data at 1 year · primary VUR

Probiotics showed no clear difference in renal parenchymal defects on DMSA scan ‐ Patient data at 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.69 [0.43, 1.11]
2 studies · 152 participants
Low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Resolution of VUR · primary VUR

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Adverse events · primary VUR

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found