Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

259 questions · 266 findings · 31 reviews

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No studies found 56 · 21.1%GRADE not reported 14 · 5.3%Very low 67 · 25.2%Low 97 · 36.5%Moderate 29 · 10.9%High 3 · 1.1%

Probiotics vs probiotic

eGFR · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Probiotics vs probiotic

Albuminuria or proteinuria · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs probiotic

Indoxyl sulfate · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs probiotic

Change in any GI upset or intolerance · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs probiotic

Microbiota composition · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs probiotic

Graft function · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs probiotic

Graft infection · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo or no treatment

eGFR · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Very low

Probiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Albuminuria · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Probiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Proteinuria · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Probiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Indoxyl sulfate · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Very low

Probiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Change in any GI upset or intolerance (abdominal pain/diarrhoea) · people with CKD

It is very uncertain whether probiotic changes change in any GI upset or intolerance (abdominal pain/diarrhoea) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.13 [0.21, 21.22]
1 study · 33 participants
Very low

Probiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Change in any GI upset or intolerance (constipation) · people with CKD

It is very uncertain whether probiotic changes change in any GI upset or intolerance (constipation) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.18 [0.14, 72.75]
1 study · 33 participants
Very low

Probiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Microbiota composition · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Graft function · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Graft infection · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo

Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for treatment of chronic constipation in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 280 participants
GRADE not reported

Probiotics vs placebo

Global improvement or treatment success, as defined by primary study · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation

Probiotic may leads to higher global improvement/treatment success as defined by primary study compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for treatment of chronic constipation in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29
4 studies · 313 participants
Low

Probiotics vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation

Probiotic showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for treatment of chronic constipation in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.64 [0.21, 1.95]
5 studies · 357 participants
Low

Probiotics vs placebo

Serious adverse events · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for treatment of chronic constipation in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 198 participants
GRADE not reported