Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1 questions · 1 findings · 1 reviews

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 1 · 100%High 0 · 0%

Psychiatric adverse effects (roflumilast 500 µg) · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors probably leads to higher psychiatric adverse effects (roflumilast 500 µg) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.13 [1.79, 2.54]
14 studies · 11168 participants
Moderate