Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

6 questions · 6 findings · 1 reviews · Urology

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 4 · 66.7%Moderate 2 · 33.3%High 0 · 0%

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Time to death from any cause (here: overall mortality at 12‐month

Pembrolizumab probably leads to lower time to death from any cause (here: overall mortality at 12‐month compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.73 [0.59, 0.9]
1 study · 542 participants
Moderate

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Quality of life (Change from baseline to week 15)

Pembrolizumab may leads to higher quality of life (Change from baseline to week 15) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 9.05 [4.61, 13.5]
1 study · 519 participants
Low

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Brain tumour response rates: complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) combinedNo. of participants: 847(6 RCTs)

Pembrolizumab probably leads to higher response rate (partial and complete response) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.85 [1.24, 2.77]
1 study · 542 participants
Moderate

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Treatment‐related mortality

Pembrolizumab showed no clear difference in treatment‐related mortality compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.24, 3.79]
1 study · 521 participants
Low

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events

Pembrolizumab showed no clear difference in discontinuation due to adverse event compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.39, 1.1]
1 study · 521 participants
Low

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Serious adverse events (irrespective of attribution to treatment)

Pembrolizumab may leads to lower serious adverse events (irrespective of attribution to treatment) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease progression… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.72, 0.97]
1 study · 521 participants
Low