Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

23 questions · 23 findings · 2 reviews · Incontinence

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 7 · 30.4%Very low 1 · 4.3%Low 5 · 21.7%Moderate 9 · 39.1%High 1 · 4.3%

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Participants cured or improved · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Electrical stimulation plus pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) may leads to higher participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence compared with PFMT alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.82 [1.44, 5.52]
1 study · 51 participants
Low

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Adverse effects · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 51 participants
Very low

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

OAB‐related quality of life · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 201 participants
Low

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Cost‐effectiveness · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Participant‐perceived cure after treatment · women with SUI

Pelvic floor muscle training leads to higher participant‐perceived cure after treatment Treatment duration: 3–6… compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 8.38 [3.68, 19.07]
4 studies · 165 participants
High

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Short (up to 1 hour) pad test measured as grams of urine Treatment duration: 6 weeks to 6 months · women with UI (all types)

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 146 participants
Moderate

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

GRADE A UI‐specific symptom measures Treatment duration: 12 weeks · women with UI (all types)

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Moderate

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

GRADE A UI‐specific QoL measures Treatment duration: 6–12 weeks · women with UI (all types)

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 4 participants
Low

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Participant‐perceived cure after treatment · UUI in women

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment · UUI in women

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Episodes of urinary incontinence in a 24‐hour period · UUI in women

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 12 participants
Low

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Short (up to 1 hour) pad test measured as grams of urine Treatment duration: 6 weeks to 6 months · UUI in women

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

GRADE A UI‐specific symptom measures · UUI in women

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

GRADE A UI‐specific QoL measures · UUI in women

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Participant‐perceived cure or improvement after treatment Treatment duration: 3–6 months · women with SUI

Pelvic floor muscle training probably leads to higher participant‐perceived cure or improvement after treatment Treatment… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 6.33 [3.88, 10.33]
3 studies · 242 participants
Moderate

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Episodes of urinary incontinence in a 24‐hour period · women with SUI

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 432 participants
Moderate

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Short (up to 1 hour) pad test measured as grams of urine Treatment duration: 6 weeks to 6 months · women with SUI

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 185 participants
Moderate

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

GRADE A UI‐specific symptom measures · women with SUI

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 7 participants
Moderate

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

GRADE A UI‐specific QoL measures · women with SUI

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 6 participants
Low