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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

85 questions · 86 findings · 4 reviews

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No studies found 36 · 41.9%GRADE not reported 2 · 2.3%Very low 12 · 14%Low 16 · 18.6%Moderate 11 · 12.8%High 9 · 10.5%

Summary of findings table ‐ 20 mL 1% lidocaine paracervical block vs normal saline paracervical block

Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 13+6 weeks' gestation or less (Chin 2020 included people experiencing an early pregnancy loss)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ 2 site (4‐8 o?clock) paracervical block vs 4 site (2‐4‐8‐10 o?clock) paracervical block

Pain with aspiration – local anaesthetica,b,d,e · people requesting a surgical abortion at less than 11 weeks' gestation (Renner 2016) and seven to 12 weeks' gestation (Glantz 2001)
1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ 2 site (4‐8 o?clock) paracervical block vs 4 site (2‐4‐8‐10 o?clock) paracervical block

Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at less than 11 weeks' gestation (Renner 2016) and seven to 12 weeks' gestation (Glantz 2001)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Two pumps of 10% cervical lidocaine spray and paracervical block vs two pumps of cervical normal saline spray and paracervical block

Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at seven weeks' gestation or less

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Two pumps of 10% cervical lidocaine spray and paracervical block vs two pumps of cervical normal saline spray and paracervical block

Pain with aspiration ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at seven weeks' gestation or less

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Three‐ to five‐minute wait between paracervical block injection and cervical dilation vs no wait between paracervical block injection and cervical dilation

Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at less than 11 weeks' gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Conscious sedation and analgesia (CSA) + paracervical block (PCB) vs electro‐acupuncture + PCB

Pregnancy · women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction

Conscious sedation and analgesia (CSA) + paracervical block (PCB) showed no clear difference in pregnancy compared with electro‐acupuncture + PCB (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review