Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,809 questions · 1,956 findings · 194 reviews

No studies found 422 · 21.6%GRADE not reported 427 · 21.8%Very low 353 · 18%Low 397 · 20.3%Moderate 293 · 15%High 64 · 3.3%

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) vs placebo

Participants' assessment of improvement of pain in right TMJ (VAS) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) showed no clear difference in participants' assessment of improvement of pain in right TMJ (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) vs placebo

Pain on palpation of right masseter muscle (VAS) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) showed no clear difference in pain on palpation of right masseter muscle (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral gabapentin vs placebo

Participants' assessment of global function (VAS) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral gabapentin (anticonvulsant) showed no clear difference in participants' assessment of global function (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral gabapentin vs placebo

Number of tender sites on muscles of mastication (palpation index) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral gabapentin (anticonvulsant) led to lower number of tender sites on muscles of mastication (palpation index) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral gabapentin vs placebo

Spontaneous pain in the TMJ (VAS) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral gabapentin (anticonvulsant) led to lower spontaneous pain in the TMJ (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) vs placebo

Jaw pain (VAS) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) showed no clear difference in jaw pain (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) vs placebo

Participants' assessment of improvement of pain in left TMJ (VAS) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) showed no clear difference in participants' assessment of improvement of pain in left TMJ (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) vs placebo

Pain on palpation of left masseter muscle (VAS) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) showed no clear difference in pain on palpation of left masseter muscle (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) showed no clear difference in pain intensity (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) vs placebo

Adverse events (reported; mild, no withdrawals) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…
1 finding from 1 review

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…
1 finding from 1 review

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment

Death at final · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids showed no clear difference in death at final compared with placebo/no treatment/steroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment

End‐stage renal disease · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids probably leads to lower end‐stage kidney disease at final compared with placebo/no treatment/steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment

Total remission (complete or partial) at final · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids probably leads to higher total remission (complete or partial) at final compared with placebo/no treatment/steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment

Complete remission · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids probably leads to higher complete remission at final compared with placebo/no treatment/steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment

Relapse · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

It is very uncertain whether oral alkylating agents ± steroids changes recurrence of disease (relapse) at final compared with placebo/no treatment/steroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment

100% increase in SCr at final · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids showed no clear difference in 100% increase in serum creatinine at final compared with placebo/no treatment/steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment

Adverse events ‐ temporary or permanent discontinuation/hospitalisation at final · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids may leads to higher adverse events ‐ temporary/permanent discontinuation or… compared with placebo/no treatment/steroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment

Adverse events ‐ infection at 3 years · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

It is very uncertain whether oral alkylating agents ± steroids changes adverse events ‐ infection at 3 years compared with placebo/no treatment/steroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment

Adverse events: malignancy · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

It is very uncertain whether oral alkylating agents ± steroids changes adverse events ‐ malignancy at final compared with placebo/no treatment/steroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review