What do systematic reviews say?

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) probably leads to lower number of participants developing tremor compared with nebuliser (moderate certainty).

• Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.44, 0.95]
  4 studies · 254 participants
  Moderate

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) showed no clear difference in hospital admission compared with nebuliser (moderate certainty).

• Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.61, 1.43]
  9 studies · 582 participants
  Moderate

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

• Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 132 participants
  Moderate

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

• Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 307 participants
  High

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

• Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 376 participants
  High

Comparison 2: Interventions for multiple repetition of SH/probable personality disorder vs treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Comparison 2: Interventions for multiple repetition of SH/probable personality disorder vs treatment

Comparison 2: Interventions for multiple repetition of SH/probable… showed no clear difference in repetition of SH at 12 months' compared with treatment (low certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.36 [0.05, 2.47]
  2 studies · 172 participants
  Low
• Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.18 [0.35, 3.95]
  1 study · 97 participants
  Very low

Comparison 2: Interventions for multiple repetition of SH/probable personality disorder vs treatment

Comparison 2: Interventions for multiple repetition of SH/probable… showed no clear difference in repetition of SH at final compared with treatment (low certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.57 [0.21, 1.59]
  3 studies · 247 participants
  Low

Comparison 2: Interventions for multiple repetition of SH/probable personality disorder vs treatment

Comparison 2: Interventions for multiple repetition of SH/probable… showed no clear difference in repetition of SH at 6 months' compared with treatment (low certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.67 [0.08, 5.68]
  1 study · 18 participants
  Low

Comparison 2: Interventions for multiple repetition of SH/probable personality disorder vs treatment

• Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 18 participants
  Low

Comparison 2: Interventions for multiple repetition of SH/probable personality disorder vs treatment

Comparison 2: Interventions for multiple repetition of SH/probable… may leads to lower repetition of SH at post‐intervention compared with treatment (low certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.34 [0.13, 0.88]
  2 studies · 83 participants
  Low

Comparison 2: Interventions for multiple repetition of SH/probable personality disorder vs treatment

• Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 83 participants
  Low

Comparison 2: Interventions for multiple repetition of SH/probable personality disorder vs treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social, educational and/or physical support) vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social,… changes any breastfeeding at 6 months compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.42 [1.08, 1.87]
  2 studies · 223 participants
  Very low
• Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.57, 1.89]
  2 studies · 103 participants
  Very low

Multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social, educational and/or physical support) vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social,… changes non‐initiation of breastfeeding compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.07, 16.11]
  3 studies · 380 participants
  Very low

Multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social, educational and/or physical support) vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social,… changes exclusive breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.21 [0.83, 1.77]
  4 studies · 445 participants
  Very low

Multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social, educational and/or physical support) vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether multiple methods of breastfeeding support (including social,… changes exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 7.23 [0.38, 137.08]
  1 study · 120 participants
  Very low

Comparison 2: interventions for patients with multiple episodes of SH or emerging personality problems vs treatment

Comparison 2: interventions for patients with multiple episodes of… showed no clear difference in repetition of SH at post‐intervention compared with treatment (low certainty).

• Interventions for self‐harm in children and adolescents 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.72 [0.12, 4.4]
  2 studies · 105 participants
  Low

Comparison 2: interventions for patients with multiple episodes of SH or emerging personality problems vs treatment

• Interventions for self‐harm in children and adolescents 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 104 participants
  Low

Comparison 2: interventions for patients with multiple episodes of SH or emerging personality problems vs treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for self‐harm in children and adolescents 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found