Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

20 questions · 22 findings · 2 reviews · Gynaecological, Neuro-oncology and Orphan Cancer

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No studies found 8 · 36.4%GRADE not reported 1 · 4.5%Very low 1 · 4.5%Low 9 · 40.9%Moderate 3 · 13.6%High 0 · 0%

Dietary interventions vs control

All‐cause mortality · people living beyond cancer

Dietary intervention showed no clear difference in mortality compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for adult cancer survivors 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.98 [0.77, 1.23]
1 study · 3107 participants
Low

Dietary interventions vs control

Secondary cancers · people living beyond cancer

Dietary intervention showed no clear difference in secondary cancers compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for adult cancer survivors 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.84, 1.15]
1 study · 3107 participants
Low

Dietary interventions vs control

Children's fruit and vegetable intake (servings/d) Measured by food frequency questionnaire · people living beyond cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for adult cancer survivors 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 834 participants
Moderate

Dietary interventions vs control

Fibre intake assessed as g · people living beyond cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for adult cancer survivors 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 3127 participants
Very low

Dietary interventions vs control

Diet quality · people living beyond cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for adult cancer survivors 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 747 participants
Moderate

Dietary interventions vs control

Body‐mass index (BMI) · people living beyond cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for adult cancer survivors 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 777 participants
Moderate

Dietary interventions vs control

Waist‐to‐hip circumference assessed as cm · people living beyond cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for adult cancer survivors 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 106 participants
Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Elemental diet · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Mean GI symptom scores (IBDQ‐B) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Diarrhoea (grade 2+) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in diarrhoea (grade 2+) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.45, 1.38]
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

QoL · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in QOL scores (IBDQ) (higher scores better) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 4.6
1 study · 50 participants
Low
Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 119 participants
GRADE not reported
Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 2.4
1 study · 76 participants
Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Lactose‐restricted diet · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Diarrhoea (grade 1+) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in diarrhoea (grade 1+) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.74 [0.45, 1.23]
1 study · 119 participants
Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

High‐fibre diet · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Low‐fibre diet · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Low‐fat diet · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Mean GI symptom scores (Vaizey scale) (higher scores better) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in mean GI symptom scores (Vaizey scale) (higher scores better) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 70 participants
Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Diarrhoea · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Prebiotic diet · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found