It is very uncertain whether dietary advice interventions changes gestational diabetes compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (very low certainty).
Dietary advice interventions showed no clear difference in childhood/adulthood adiposity: skinfold thickness at 6 months (mm) compared with standard care (child outcomes) (low certainty).
Dietary advice interventions may leads to lower hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pregnancy‐induced hypertension) compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).
Dietary advice interventions showed no clear difference in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pre‐eclampsia) compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).
Dietary advice interventions showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether dietary advice interventions changes perineal trauma (anal sphincter injury) compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (very low certainty).
Dietary advice interventions showed no clear difference in gestational weight gain (kg) compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).
All diet and/or exercise interventions leads to lower excessive weight gain compared with standard/other care (high certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
All diet and/or exercise interventions probably leads to higher low weight gain compared with standard/other care (moderate certainty).
All diet and/or exercise interventions showed no clear difference in preterm birth compared with standard/other care (moderate certainty).
All diet and/or exercise interventions showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia compared with standard/other care (high certainty).
All diet and/or exercise interventions showed no clear difference in caesarean delivery compared with standard/other care (high certainty).