Number of participants who were diagnosed with acute URTIs: at least 1 event · children, adults, and the elderly
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics may leads to lower number of participants who were diagnosed with acute URTIs: at least… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants who were diagnosed with acute URTIs: at least 3 events · children, adults, and the elderly
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics probably leads to lower number of participants who were diagnosed with acute URTIs: at least… compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of acute URTIs during the study period (the number of acute URTIs over a period of time) · children, adults, and the elderly
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics may leads to lower incidence rate of acute URTIs compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mean duration of an episode of acute URTIs · children, adults, and the elderly
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants who were absent from childcare centre, school, or work due to acute URTIs · children, adults, and the elderly
It is very uncertain whether intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics changes number of participants who were absent from childcare centre,… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs · children, adults, and the elderly
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics probably leads to lower number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Participants with at least some Side Effects · children, adults, and the elderly
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics showed no clear difference in number of participants who experienced at least 1 side effect or… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review