All‐cause mortality up to 30 days · hospitalised individuals with unknown vaccination status and a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19
Summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality up to 30 days compared with low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality up to 120 days · hospitalised individuals with unknown vaccination status and a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) changes all‐cause mortality up to 120 days compared with low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical improvement: discharged alive ( · hospitalised individuals with unknown vaccination status and a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19
Summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) showed no clear difference in clinical improvement: discharged alive ( compared with low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical worsening: need for invasive mechanical ventilation, or death at up to day 28 · hospitalised individuals with unknown vaccination status and a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serious adverse events ( · hospitalised individuals with unknown vaccination status and a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events: all grades · hospitalised individuals with unknown vaccination status and a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital‐acquired infections ( · hospitalised individuals with unknown vaccination status and a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19
1 finding from 1 review
Invasive fungal infection · hospitalised individuals with unknown vaccination status and a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19
1 finding from 1 review
Colorectal cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Colorectal cancer: OR 1.01 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.73), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.01 [0.59, 1.73]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Breast cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Breast cancer: OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.44), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Colon cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Colon cancer: OR 0.88 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.35), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.88 [0.57, 1.35]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Aggressive prostate cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Aggressive prostate cancer: OR 0.75 (95% CI 0.48 to 1.17), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Prostate cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Prostate cancer: OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.14), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Small‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Small for gestational age: OR 0.54 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.67), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Pre-eclampsia: OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.80), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Head circumference (mm) · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Head circumference: WMD 0.05 (95% CI -0.24 to 0.34), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Birth length · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Birth length: WMD 0.19 (95% CI -0.26 to 0.65), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Birthweight (g) · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Birth weight: WMD 130.9 (95% CI 75.1 to 186.7), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Probable.
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational diabetes · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Gestational diabetes: OR 0.67 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.85), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Dental fluorosis of aesthetic concern (Dean's Index, TFI, TSIF) · Populations of all ages (mostly children) exposed to drinking water with differing fluoride concentrations
Higher water fluoride concentration (fluoridated water; natural or… may leads to higher dental fluorosis of aesthetic concern (Dean's Index, TFI, TSIF) compared with lower water fluoride concentration (concurrent control) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review