Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

901 questions · 1,073 findings · 138 reviews

No studies found 166 · 15.5%GRADE not reported 310 · 28.9%Very low 213 · 19.9%Low 227 · 21.2%Moderate 132 · 12.3%High 25 · 2.3%

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Kidney cancer · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Kidney cancer: OR 1.01 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.58), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Body‐mass index (BMI) · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Body mass index: Z score -0.15 (95% CI -0.19 to -0.11), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Sporadic colorectal adenoma · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Sporadic colorectal adenoma: OR 0.82 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.97), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Type 2 diabetes (prevalent) · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Type 2 diabetes (prevalent): OR 0.45 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.82), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

All cause mortality · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for All cause mortality: HR 0.72 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.78), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration

Rectal cancer · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Rectal cancer: OR 0.50 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.88), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

1 finding from 1 review

Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation

Risk of relapse (as defined by study authors) (HR) · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders

Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions showed no clear difference in risk of relapse (as defined by study authors) (HR) compared with continuation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single-surface ART restoration using high-viscosity glass ionomer vs No comparator

Restoration survival · Permanent posterior teeth with single-surface cavities

Single-surface high-viscosity glass-ionomer ART restorations in permanent teeth had high 2-year survival (93%, 95% CI 89-95%); evidence ungraded.

6 findings from 1 review
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Single-surface ART restoration using high-viscosity glass ionomer vs No comparator

Restoration survival · Primary posterior teeth with single-surface cavities

Single-surface high-viscosity glass-ionomer ART restorations in primary teeth had high 2-year survival (93%, 95% CI 91-94%); evidence ungraded.

3 findings from 1 review

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy (high dose interferon) plus chemotherapy vs neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Overall response rate (ORR), · stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma

It is very uncertain whether neoadjuvant immunotherapy (high dose interferon) plus chemotherapy changes overall response rate (ORR), measured after 8 weeks of treatment and… compared with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review