Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

62 questions · 67 findings · 6 reviews

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 5 · 7.5%Very low 7 · 10.4%Low 26 · 38.8%Moderate 19 · 28.4%High 10 · 14.9%

Formoterol vs short‐acting beta2‐agonist

Exacerbations needing hospitalisation · people with asthma

Formoterol showed no clear difference in patients with an exacerbation requiring hospitalisation compared with short‐acting beta2‐agonist (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Formoterol versus short‐acting beta‐agonists as relief medication for adults and children with asthma 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.84 [0.67, 1.04]
7 studies · 22236 participants
Moderate

Formoterol vs short‐acting beta2‐agonist

Exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids ‐ adults · people with asthma

Formoterol probably leads to lower patients with an exacerbation requiring a course of oral… compared with short‐acting beta2‐agonist (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Formoterol versus short‐acting beta‐agonists as relief medication for adults and children with asthma 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.84 [0.77, 0.91]
6 studies · 21591 participants
Moderate

Formoterol vs short‐acting beta2‐agonist

Fatal serious adverse events · people with asthma

Formoterol showed no clear difference in fatal serious adverse events (all‐cause) compared with short‐acting beta2‐agonist (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Formoterol versus short‐acting beta‐agonists as relief medication for adults and children with asthma 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.08 [0.51, 2.3]
5 studies · 21629 participants
Low

Formoterol vs short‐acting beta2‐agonist

Patients with a serious adverse event (all cause) · people with asthma

Formoterol showed no clear difference in patients with a serious adverse event (all cause) compared with short‐acting beta2‐agonist (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Formoterol versus short‐acting beta‐agonists as relief medication for adults and children with asthma 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.94 [0.81, 1.08]
7 studies · 22538 participants
Low

Formoterol vs short‐acting beta2‐agonist

Asthma‐related serious adverse event · people with asthma

Formoterol showed no clear difference in patients with a serious adverse event (asthma related) compared with short‐acting beta2‐agonist (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Formoterol versus short‐acting beta‐agonists as relief medication for adults and children with asthma 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.91 [0.72, 1.15]
6 studies · 21986 participants
Low

Formoterol vs short‐acting beta2‐agonist

Withdrawals due to any reason · people with asthma

Formoterol may leads to higher withdrawals (any reason) compared with short‐acting beta2‐agonist (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Formoterol versus short‐acting beta‐agonists as relief medication for adults and children with asthma 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.12 [1.02, 1.24]
7 studies · 22541 participants
Low

Adults: formoterol/ICS vs salmeterol/ICS

All‐cause mortality ‐ formoterol and budesonide vs salmeterol and fluticasone · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Adults: formoterol/ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality ‐ formoterol/budesonide vs salmeterol/fluticasone compared with salmeterol/ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.03 [0.06, 16.44]
7 studies · 5935 participants
Low

Adults: formoterol/ICS vs salmeterol/ICS

All‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ formoterol/budesonide vs salmeterol/budesonide · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Adults: formoterol/ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ formoterol/budesonide… compared with salmeterol/ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 7.45 [0.15, 375.68]
1 study · 229 participants
Low

Adults: formoterol/ICS vs salmeterol/ICS

Asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Adults: formoterol/ICS showed no clear difference in asthma‐related non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐… compared with salmeterol/ICS (low certainty).

5 findings from 1 review

Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.69 [0.37, 1.26]
7 studies · 5935 participants
Low
Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.01 [0.06, 16.24]
5 studies · 1510 participants
Very low
Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 7 [0.14, 353.37]
1 study · 722 participants
Very low

Show 2 more findings

Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.05 [0, 3.1]
2 studies · 293 participants
Very low
Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 229 participants
GRADE not reported

Adults: formoterol/ICS vs salmeterol/ICS

Mortality (all‐cause) ‐ formoterol versus salbutamol ( · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

1 finding from 1 review

Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1257 participants
GRADE not reported

Adults: formoterol/ICS vs salmeterol/ICS

All‐cause mortality ‐ formoterol/mometasone vs salmeterol/fluticasone · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Adults: formoterol/ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality ‐ formoterol/mometasone vs salmeterol/fluticasone compared with salmeterol/ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 4.46 [0.23, 85.4]
2 studies · 1126 participants
Low

Adults: formoterol/ICS vs salmeterol/ICS

All‐cause mortality ‐ formoterol/fluticasone vs salmeterol/fluticasone · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Adults: formoterol/ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality ‐ formoterol/fluticasone vs salmeterol/fluticasone compared with salmeterol/ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 7.39 [0.15, 372.38]
2 studies · 270 participants
Low

Adults: formoterol/ICS vs salmeterol/ICS

All‐cause mortality formoterol/budesonide vs salmeterol/budesonide · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

1 finding from 1 review

Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 229 participants
GRADE not reported

Adults: formoterol/ICS vs salmeterol/ICS

All‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ formoterol and budesonide vs salmeterol and fluticasone · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Adults: formoterol/ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ formoterol/budesonide… compared with salmeterol/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.14 [0.82, 1.59]
7 studies · 5935 participants
Moderate

Adults: formoterol/ICS vs salmeterol/ICS

All‐cause non‐fatal SAE ‐ Adults · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Adults: formoterol/ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐… compared with salmeterol/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.94 [0.43, 2.08]
6 studies · 1941 participants
Moderate

Adults: formoterol/ICS vs salmeterol/ICS

All‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ formoterol/mometasone vs salmeterol/fluticasone · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Adults: formoterol/ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ formoterol/mometasone… compared with salmeterol/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.02 [0.47, 2.2]
2 studies · 1126 participants
Moderate

Adults: formoterol/ICS vs salmeterol/ICS

All‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ formoterol/fluticasone vs salmeterol/fluticasone · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Adults: formoterol/ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ formoterol/fluticasone… compared with salmeterol/ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.05 [0, 3.1]
2 studies · 293 participants
Low

Regular formoterol vs regular salmeterol

All‐cause mortality in adults · people with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Regular treatment with formoterol versus regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1116 participants
Low

Regular formoterol vs regular salmeterol

All‐cause mortality in children · people with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Regular treatment with formoterol versus regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 156 participants
Very low

Regular formoterol vs regular salmeterol

All‐cause SAEs in adults · people with asthma

Regular formoterol showed no clear difference in all‐cause SAEs in adults compared with regular salmeterol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regular treatment with formoterol versus regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.77 [0.46, 1.28]
3 studies · 1116 participants
Low