Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

158 questions · 160 findings · 12 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 50 · 31.3%GRADE not reported 22 · 13.8%Very low 46 · 28.8%Low 33 · 20.6%Moderate 9 · 5.6%High 0 · 0%

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

Cure: number of women with self‐reported continence · women with stress urinary incontinence

Electrical stimulation probably leads to higher cure: number of women with self‐reported continence compared with no active treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Cure: number of women with self‐reported continence · women with stress urinary incontinence

Electrical stimulation showed no clear difference in cure: number of women with self‐reported continence compared with pelvic floor muscle training (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI (cured or improved) · women with stress urinary incontinence

Electrical stimulation showed no clear difference in improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI… compared with pelvic floor muscle training (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

Improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI (cured or improved) · women with stress urinary incontinence

Electrical stimulation may leads to higher improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI… compared with no active treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation vs PFMT plus vaginal cones

Cure: number of women with self‐reported continence · women with stress urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether electrical stimulation changes cure: number of women with self‐reported continence compared with PFMT plus vaginal cones (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review