What do systematic reviews say?

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

Electrical stimulation may leads to higher improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI… compared with no active treatment (low certainty).

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.73 [1.41, 2.11]
  5 studies · 347 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 250 participants
  Moderate

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

It is very uncertain whether electrical stimulation changes adverse effects compared with no active treatment (very low certainty).

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5.96 [0.3, 118.7]
  3 studies · 103 participants
  Very low

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Sensory threshold electrical stimulation (ES) vs motor threshold ES

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Sensory threshold electrical stimulation (ES) vs motor threshold ES

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Sensory threshold electrical stimulation (ES) vs motor threshold ES

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 28 participants
  Very low

Sensory threshold electrical stimulation (ES) vs motor threshold ES

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation plus behavioural therapy vs behavioural therapy alone

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation plus behavioural therapy vs behavioural therapy alone

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation plus behavioural therapy vs behavioural therapy alone

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 82 participants
  Very low

Electrical stimulation plus behavioural therapy vs behavioural therapy alone

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Electrical stimulation plus pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) may leads to higher participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence compared with PFMT alone (low certainty).

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.82 [1.44, 5.52]
  1 study · 51 participants
  Low

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 51 participants
  Very low

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 201 participants
  Low

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

It is very uncertain whether PFMT added to electrical stimulation changes number of women cured compared with electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes) (very low certainty).

• Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.06 [0.79, 5.38]
  2 studies · 56 participants
  Very low

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found