Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

164 questions · 166 findings · 13 reviews

No studies found 55 · 33.1%GRADE not reported 22 · 13.3%Very low 47 · 28.3%Low 33 · 19.9%Moderate 9 · 5.4%High 0 · 0%

Electrical stimulation vs sham

Cure: number of women with self‐reported continence · women with stress urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether electrical stimulation changes cure: number of women with self‐reported continence compared with sham treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation vs sham

Improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI (cured or improved) · women with stress urinary incontinence

Electrical stimulation may leads to higher improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI… compared with sham treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

It is very uncertain whether electrical stimulation changes participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback

Participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Electrical stimulation showed no clear difference in participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review