Electronic cigarette use vs Non-smokers
Untreated dental caries and caries risk · Humans who use e-cigarettes (adolescents to adults) assessed for dental caries
Across individual cross-sectional studies, e-cigarette users tended to have more untreated caries and higher caries risk than non-smokers (per-study OR ~2.0-4.2), but results were not pooled (ungraded, narrative).
1 finding from 1 review
- The effects of electronic smoking on dental caries and proinflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional · Clinical/community dental studies in several countries; caries assessed clinically or from national survey/health records/questionnairesNarrative synthesis (not meta-analyzed). E-cigarette users had more untreated caries and higher caries risk than non-smokers in individual studies: Vemulapalli 2021 untreated-caries OR 2.04 (non-smokers as reference);…3 studiesGRADE not reported