What do systematic reviews say?

Double vs single‐injection technique

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Double vs single‐injection technique

Double leads to lower primary anaesthesia failure (incomplete sensory block) compared with single‐injection technique (high certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.34, 0.89]
  9 studies · 527 participants
  High

Double vs single‐injection technique

Double showed no clear difference in secondary analgesia failure ‐ intraoperative sedation required compared with single‐injection technique (moderate certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.31, 1.31]
  2 studies · 129 participants
  Moderate

Double vs single‐injection technique

Double showed no clear difference in secondary analgesia failure ‐ tourniquet pain compared with single‐injection technique (moderate certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.58 [0.22, 1.52]
  2 studies · 104 participants
  Moderate

Double vs single‐injection technique

Double showed no clear difference in complete failure of block3 compared with single‐injection technique (low certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.29 [0.33, 5.01]
  7 studies · 368 participants
  Low

Double vs single‐injection technique

Double showed no clear difference in intravascular injection compared with single‐injection technique (low certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.15 [0.46, 37.13]
  2 studies · 90 participants
  Low

Double vs single‐injection technique

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 119 participants
  Low