Self‐reported pain · children aged 2‐19 years with mixed medical (acute or chronic illness) or generally healthy undergoing venipuncture, immunization,…
1 finding from 1 review
Self‐reported distress · children aged 2‐19 years with mixed medical (acute or chronic illness) or generally healthy undergoing venipuncture, immunization,…
1 finding from 1 review
Observer‐reported pain · children aged 2‐19 years with mixed medical (acute or chronic illness) or generally healthy undergoing venipuncture, immunization,…
1 finding from 1 review
Observer‐reported distress · children aged 2‐19 years with mixed medical (acute or chronic illness) or generally healthy undergoing venipuncture, immunization,…
1 finding from 1 review
Behavioral measures‐ pain · children aged 2‐19 years with mixed medical (acute or chronic illness) or generally healthy undergoing venipuncture, immunization,…
1 finding from 1 review
Behavioral measures‐ distress · children aged 2‐19 years with mixed medical (acute or chronic illness) or generally healthy undergoing venipuncture, immunization,…
1 finding from 1 review
Distraction distance (bone gain, mm) · Patients with vertically deficient posterior/anterior mandibular ridges needing implants
Ultrasound during vertical distraction osteogenesis showed no clear difference in distraction distance (bone gain, mm) compared with placebo (no ultrasound) during vertical distraction; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · children (0 to 18 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Acute pain · children (0 to 18 years)
5 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 106 participants
Low
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 575 participants
Very low
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 187 participants
Low
Show 2 more findings
Adverse effects (related to engagement with VR) · children (0 to 18 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · children (0‐18 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Acute pain · children (0‐18 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
5 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Show 2 more findings
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Acute pain · children (0 to 18 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
5 findings from 1 review
Show 2 more findings
Adverse effects (related to engagement with VR) · children (0‐18 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse effects (related to engagement with VR) · children (0 to 18 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · children (0 to 18 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Long-term skeletal relapse/stability (horizontal movement of A-point) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
It is very uncertain whether maxillary distraction osteogenesis changes long-term skeletal relapse/stability (horizontal movement of A-point) compared with orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Speech: resonance (hypernasality) (deterioration/improvement) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
It is very uncertain whether maxillary distraction osteogenesis changes speech: resonance (hypernasality) (deterioration/improvement) compared with orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical morbidities (adverse effects) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
1 finding from 1 review
SoF (Very Low): Clinical morbidities assessed with questionnaires, follow-up 12 months; risk with orthognathic surgery 3/14; risk with maxillary distraction osteogenesis 3/15; relative effect -; 29 participants (1…
1 study · 29 participants
Very low
Psychological status: social self-esteem (Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory subset); also general self-esteem and Social Avoidance and Distress Scale · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…
1 finding from 1 review
Results text (Ungraded; not in SoF): social self-esteem (subset of the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory, CFSEI) - DO participants had lower social self-esteem in the first three months postoperatively, with a…
1 study · 30 participants
GRADE not reported