What do systematic reviews say?

Diet vs physical activity or standard treatment

• Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 530 participants
  Very low

Low glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) diets vs higher GI or GL diets

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) diets vs any other diet

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether diet plus physical activity changes all‐cause mortality compared with standard treatment (very low certainty).

• Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.5, 2.5]
  10 studies · 4099 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table for metformin plus intensive diet and exercise vs intensive diet and exercise

• Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 450 participants
  Very low

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake vs comparators

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with comparators (moderate certainty).

• Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake in malnourished or nutritionally at‐risk adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.66, 0.92]
  12 studies · 6683 participants
  Moderate