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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

72 questions · 101 findings · 12 reviews · All outcomes

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No studies found 11 · 10.9%GRADE not reported 39 · 38.6%Very low 36 · 35.6%Low 8 · 7.9%Moderate 3 · 3%High 4 · 4%

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in conjunction with mechanical oral hygiene procedures vs Placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral hygiene alone); controls pooled (protocol's separate comparisons versus mechanical oral hygiene alone and versus placebo/control merged)

Other adverse effects (taste disturbance, oral mucosal effects, burning sensation) · Children or adults with gingivitis or periodontitis capable of performing normal mechanical oral hygiene procedures (some with medical…
1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care vs placebo or usual care

Caregivers' preferences for oral hygiene care · Critically ill patients (adults and children) receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care vs placebo or usual care

Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene · Critically ill patients (adults and children) receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU
1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in conjunction with mechanical oral hygiene procedures vs Placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral hygiene alone); controls pooled (protocol's separate comparisons versus mechanical oral hygiene alone and versus placebo/control merged)

Supragingival calculus formation (various calculus indices) · Children or adults with gingivitis or periodontitis capable of performing normal mechanical oral hygiene procedures (some with medical…

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in… showed no clear difference in supragingival calculus formation (various calculus indices) compared with placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral…; GRADE not reported.

3 findings from 1 review

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in conjunction with mechanical oral hygiene procedures vs Placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral hygiene alone); controls pooled (protocol's separate comparisons versus mechanical oral hygiene alone and versus placebo/control merged)

Gingivitis · Children or adults with gingivitis or periodontitis capable of performing normal mechanical oral hygiene procedures (some with medical…

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in… leads to lower gingivitis (gingival inflammation) measured by Gingival Index of Loe… compared with placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral… (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in conjunction with mechanical oral hygiene procedures vs Placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral hygiene alone); controls pooled (protocol's separate comparisons versus mechanical oral hygiene alone and versus placebo/control merged)

Gingival bleeding (various bleeding indices) · Children or adults with gingivitis or periodontitis capable of performing normal mechanical oral hygiene procedures (some with medical…

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in… led to lower gingival bleeding (various bleeding indices) compared with placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral…; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in conjunction with mechanical oral hygiene procedures vs Placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral hygiene alone); controls pooled (protocol's separate comparisons versus mechanical oral hygiene alone and versus placebo/control merged)

Plaque · Children or adults with gingivitis or periodontitis capable of performing normal mechanical oral hygiene procedures (some with medical…

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in… leads to lower dental plaque (various plaque indices) compared with placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral… (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in conjunction with mechanical oral hygiene procedures vs Placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral hygiene alone); controls pooled (protocol's separate comparisons versus mechanical oral hygiene alone and versus placebo/control merged)

Extrinsic tooth staining (various staining indices) · Children or adults with gingivitis or periodontitis capable of performing normal mechanical oral hygiene procedures (some with medical…

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (any concentration; 0.05% to 0.2%) used in… led to higher extrinsic tooth staining (various staining indices) compared with placebo/control mouthrinse, or no mouthrinse (mechanical oral…; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Oral health education/promotion (oral hygiene advice plus diet and feeding practice advice) combined with clinical treatment for mother's dentition (basic restorative and preventive; 1 trial included CHX varnish application) vs usual care

Child oral health behaviours · For interventions, pregnant women and mothers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years of age
1 finding from 1 review

Antiseptic mouthwash (e.g. chlorhexidine) vs Another topical agent or placebo

Duration to heal oral ulcerations after initiation of treatment · HIV‐infected adults (> 13 years of age, per CDC) with one or more painful intraoral aphthous ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Topical treatments for HIV‐related oral ulcers 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
    No studies were included in this review. A total of 233 abstracts were retrieved; 25 were selected as potentially eligible but all were excluded (10 reported systemic rather than topical treatment; 3 non‐RCTs; 6…
    0 studies
    No studies found

Chlorhexidine vs Cryotherapy (ice chips) 60 minutes

Oral mucositis (any severity) · Patients with cancer receiving radiotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapies

Chlorhexidine showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (any severity) compared with cryotherapy (ice chips); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine vs Cryotherapy (ice chips) 60 minutes

Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Patients with cancer receiving radiotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapies

Chlorhexidine showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with cryotherapy (ice chips); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine vs Cryotherapy (ice chips) 60 minutes

Oral mucositis (severe) · Patients with cancer receiving radiotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapies

Chlorhexidine showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (severe) compared with cryotherapy (ice chips); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Active rinse (zinc acetate + chlorhexidine + sodium fluoride), with or without tongue scraping vs Negative control rinse, with or without tongue scraping

OLT and VSC scores · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Ademovski 2012 (4-arm cross-over trial) compared an active rinse (with/without tongue scraping) versus a negative control rinse (with/without tongue scraping); OLT and VSC. The authors did not report the correlation…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care vs placebo or usual care

Incidence of VAP · Critically ill patients (adults and children) receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care probably leads to lower incidence of VAP compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review