Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

20 questions · 21 findings · 4 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 6 · 28.6%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 2 · 9.5%Low 9 · 42.9%Moderate 4 · 19%High 0 · 0%

Acupuncture vs usual care

Sense of control in labour ‐ not reported · pain management in labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs usual care

Satisfaction with childbirth experience ‐ not reported · pain management in labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs usual care

Use of pharmacological analgesia · pain management in labour

It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes use of pharmacological analgesia compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.6, 0.85]
6 studies · 1059 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs usual care

Instrumental vaginal birth · pain management in labour

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in assisted vaginal birth compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.7, 1.24]
6 studies · 1217 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs usual care

Caesarean section · pain management in labour

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.47, 1.09]
5 studies · 861 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs usual care

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · pain management in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 495 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs usual care

Satisfaction with pain relief · pain management in labour

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in satisfaction with pain relief in labour compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [0.96, 1.2]
2 studies · 343 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs usual care

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1054 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs usual care

Back‐specific functional status · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1381 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs usual care

Physical quality of life · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 731 participants
Moderate

Acupuncture vs usual care

QoL: mental health SF‐12 (0 to 100; 0 = poor QoL, 100 = high QoL) · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 731 participants
Moderate

Acupuncture vs usual care

Adverse events Self‐reported · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in adverse events Self‐reported compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.34 [0.36, 30.68]
1 study · 74 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs usual care

Neonatal death or serious neonatal perinatal morbidity · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for induction of labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs usual care

Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for induction of labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs usual care

Uterine hyperstimulation with FHR changes ‐ not reported · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for induction of labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs usual care

Caesarean section · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for induction of labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.51, 1.17]
8 studies · 760 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs usual care

Serious maternal morbidity or death · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture or acupressure for induction of labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs usual care or no treatment

Headache (frequency) · people with episodic migraine

2 findings from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 2199 participants
Moderate
Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 284 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs usual care or no treatment

Response (after treatment) · people with episodic migraine

Acupuncture probably leads to higher response (after treatment) compared with no treatment/usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.4 [2.08, 2.76]
4 studies · 2519 participants
Moderate

Acupuncture vs usual care or no treatment

Response ( · people with episodic migraine

Acupuncture may leads to higher response ( compared with no treatment/usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.16 [1.35, 3.45]
1 study · 377 participants
Low