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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
148 questions in 20 reviews · Periodontology
current versionsNo studies 148 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after subgingival instrumentation (SI) vs Subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or both), or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Patient satisfaction · Adults (> 18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis, receiving active (non-surgical anti-infective) treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome. | NR | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Quality of life · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving active treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | Only one study reported evidence for adjunctive aPDT in people with peri-implant disease (Al Rifaiy 2022). Data were only available for two outcomes (PPD and BOP), both reported only at three months. No studies… | NR | No studies |
Single preoperative dose of systemic antibiotics (clindamycin 600 mg), total chemo-mechanical debridement and root filling vs Matched placebo, total chemo-mechanical debridement and root filling Swelling at 24 hours · Adults with symptomatic apical periodontitis (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement) · 24 hours Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults (2024) · Cochrane | No data available for this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Change in gingival recession (REC) · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving active treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | Only one study reported evidence for adjunctive aPDT in people with peri-implant disease (Al Rifaiy 2022). Data were only available for two outcomes (PPD and BOP), both reported only at three months. No studies… | NR | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Outcome NR · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving supportive treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | Planned comparison; no studies met the inclusion criteria. The review found only one study of peri-implant disease (peri-implant mucositis, active treatment) and no studies including people with peri-implantitis… | NR | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Outcome NR · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implantitis, receiving active treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | Planned comparison; no studies met the inclusion criteria. The review found only one study of peri-implant disease (peri-implant mucositis, active treatment) and no studies including people with peri-implantitis… | NR | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after subgingival instrumentation (SI) vs Subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or both), or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Pocket closure · Adults (> 18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis, receiving active (non-surgical anti-infective) treatment · 6 months (change from baseline) Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | No studies measured this outcome at 6 months (SoF row labeled 'Change in pocket depth from baseline to 6 months after initial treatment'). | NR | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Outcome NR · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implantitis, receiving supportive treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | Planned comparison; no studies met the inclusion criteria. The review found only one study of peri-implant disease (peri-implant mucositis, active treatment) and no studies including people with peri-implantitis… | NR | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Patient satisfaction · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving active treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | Only one study reported evidence for adjunctive aPDT in people with peri-implant disease (Al Rifaiy 2022). Data were only available for two outcomes (PPD and BOP), both reported only at three months. No studies… | NR | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after subgingival instrumentation (SI) vs Subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or both), or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Quality of life · Adults (> 18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis, receiving active (non-surgical anti-infective) treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome. | NR | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Any adverse effect related to aPDT · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving active treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | Only one study reported evidence for adjunctive aPDT in people with peri-implant disease (Al Rifaiy 2022). Data were only available for two outcomes (PPD and BOP), both reported only at three months. No studies… | NR | No studies |
Systemic antibiotics without surgical intervention (with or without analgesics) vs Matched placebo without surgical intervention (with or without analgesics) Outcome NR · Adults with symptomatic apical periodontitis or acute apical abscess Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults (2024) · Cochrane | We found no studies comparing systemic antibiotics versus a matched placebo provided without a surgical intervention. | 0 studies | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after subgingival instrumentation (SI) vs Subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or both), or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Quality of life · Adults (> 18 years) with recurrent periodontitis, receiving supportive (maintenance) periodontal care Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome. | NR | No studies |
Single preoperative dose of systemic antibiotics (clindamycin 600 mg), total chemo-mechanical debridement and root filling vs Matched placebo, total chemo-mechanical debridement and root filling Swelling at 72 hours · Adults with symptomatic apical periodontitis (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement) · 72 hours Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults (2024) · Cochrane | No data available for this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Pocket closure · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving active treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | Only one study reported evidence for adjunctive aPDT in people with peri-implant disease (Al Rifaiy 2022). Data were only available for two outcomes (PPD and BOP), both reported only at three months. No studies… | NR | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after subgingival instrumentation (SI) vs Subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or both), or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Patient satisfaction · Adults (> 18 years) with recurrent periodontitis, receiving supportive (maintenance) periodontal care Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome. | NR | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after submucosal instrumentation (SI) vs Submucosal instrumentation (SI) alone, or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Change in clinical attachment level (CAL) · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving active treatment Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | Only one study reported evidence for adjunctive aPDT in people with peri-implant disease (Al Rifaiy 2022). Data were only available for two outcomes (PPD and BOP), both reported only at three months. No studies… | NR | No studies |
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after subgingival instrumentation (SI) vs Subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or both), or SI plus placebo/sham aPDT Pocket closure · Adults (> 18 years) with recurrent periodontitis, receiving supportive (maintenance) periodontal care · 6 months (change from baseline) Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri‐implant diseases (2024) · Cochrane | No studies measured this outcome at 6 months (SoF row labeled 'Change in pocket depth from baseline to 6 months after treatment'); no studies reported these data at six months after treatment. | NR | No studies |
Periodontal treatment: scaling and root planing (SRP) plus advice vs Community care: advice only All CVD-related death · People with cardiovascular disease and chronic periodontitis Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis (2022) · Cochrane | SoF row 'All CVD-related death': Outcome not reported. Results 2.1.2: Not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours plus adjunctive antiseptic (chlorhexidine) treatments (rinsing, pocket irrigation, tongue/tonsil brushing) vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart Tooth loss · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | Tooth loss: None of the studies comparing FMD vs control reported tooth loss. | 0 studies | No studies |
Periodontal treatment: scaling and root planing (SRP) plus advice vs Community care: advice only All-cause death · People with cardiovascular disease and chronic periodontitis Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis (2022) · Cochrane | SoF row 'All-cause death': Outcome not reported. Results 2.1.1: Not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs No active intervention/usual care Diabetic complications · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age · 3-4 months Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus (2022) · Cochrane | Included studies did not report data on diabetic complications (some reported medication changes only) | 0 studies | No studies |
Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours plus adjunctive antiseptic (chlorhexidine) treatments (rinsing, pocket irrigation, tongue/tonsil brushing) Tooth loss · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | Tooth loss: None of the studies comparing FMS vs FMD reported tooth loss. | 0 studies | No studies |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs No active intervention/usual care Cost implications · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age · 3-4 months Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus (2022) · Cochrane | Included studies did not report cost data. A brief economic commentary drew on four external economic evaluations (Smits 2020, Nasseh 2017, Choi 2020, Soloweij-Wedderburn 2017) suggesting potential cost… | 0 studies | No studies |
Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart Tooth loss · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults (2022) · Cochrane | Tooth loss: None of the studies comparing FMS vs control reported tooth loss. | 0 studies | No studies |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Proportion of participants diagnosed with hypertension at trial completion · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | No included study in this comparison reported the proportion of participants diagnosed with hypertension at trial completion. | NR | No studies |
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Heart rate · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | Heart rate was reported only by Higashi 2009 (periodontal treatment vs no treatment); no study in the intensive-treatment vs supra-gingival-scaling comparison reported heart rate. | NR | No studies |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Proportion of participants diagnosed with hypertension at trial completion · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | No included study reported the proportion of participants diagnosed with hypertension at trial completion. | NR | No studies |
Clindamycin + SRP vs Metronidazole + SRP Percentage of closed pockets · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Doxycycline + SRP vs Metronidazole + SRP Patient-reported quality of life changes · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Clindamycin + SRP vs Doxycycline + SRP Antimicrobial resistance · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Doxycycline + SRP vs Metronidazole + SRP Adverse events · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported adverse events | NR | No studies |
Tetracycline + SRP vs SRP Probing pocket depth · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Clindamycin + SRP vs Metronidazole + SRP Patient-reported quality of life changes · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Clindamycin + SRP vs SRP Percentage of closed pockets · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Clindamycin + SRP vs SRP Percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Clindamycin + SRP vs SRP Patient-reported quality of life changes · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Doxycycline + SRP vs Metronidazole + SRP Antimicrobial resistance · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Clindamycin + SRP vs SRP Adverse events · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included study has not reported adverse events | NR | No studies |
Tetracycline + SRP vs SRP Patient-reported quality of life changes · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Doxycycline + SRP vs SRP Patient-reported quality of life changes · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Doxycycline + SRP vs Metronidazole + SRP Percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Tetracycline + SRP vs SRP Percentage of closed pockets · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs SRP Patient-reported quality of life changes · Adults with periodontitis (chronic and aggressive) · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Clindamycin + SRP vs Metronidazole + SRP Antimicrobial resistance · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Amoxicillin + clavulanate + SRP vs SRP Antimicrobial resistance · Adults with chronic periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Amoxicillin + clavulanate + SRP vs SRP Percentage of closed pockets · Adults with chronic periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Amoxicillin + clavulanate + SRP vs SRP Patient-reported quality of life changes · Adults with chronic periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs SRP Antimicrobial resistance · Adults with periodontitis (chronic and aggressive) · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included studies have not reported this outcome | NR | No studies |
Tetracycline + SRP vs SRP Adverse events · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included study has not reported adverse events | NR | No studies |