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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
391 questions in 28 reviews · Incontinence
current versionsNo studies 391 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Caffeine reduction vs control Adverse effects ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Caffeine reduction vs control Cure rates by symptom quantification (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Caffeine reduction vs control Improvement rates by symptom quantification (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle weight loss vs metformin weight loss Cure rates by patient observation (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle weight loss vs metformin weight loss Improvement rates by patient observation (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle weight loss vs metformin weight loss Condition‐specific quality of life ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle weight loss vs metformin weight loss Adverse effects ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle weight loss vs metformin weight loss Cure rates by symptom quantification (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle weight loss vs metformin weight loss Improvement rates by symptom quantification (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Soy‐rich diet vs control Cure rates by patient observation (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Soy‐rich diet vs control Improvement rates by patient observation (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Indwelling urethral catheterisation vs intermittent urethral catheterisation Ease of use for participants ‐ not reported · Patients with short‐term bladder drainage Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short‐term catheterisation in hospitalised… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Indwelling urethral catheterisation vs intermittent urethral catheterisation Quality of life ‐ not reported · Patients with short‐term bladder drainage Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short‐term catheterisation in hospitalised… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Indwelling urethral catheterisation vs intermittent urethral catheterisation Cost utility analysis ‐ not reported · Patients with short‐term bladder drainage Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short‐term catheterisation in hospitalised… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Suprapubic catheterisation vs intermittent urethral catheterisation Asymptomatic bacteruria · patients with short‐term catheterisation Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short‐term catheterisation in hospitalised… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Suprapubic catheterisation vs intermittent urethral catheterisation Ease of use for participants ‐ not reported · patients with short‐term catheterisation Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short‐term catheterisation in hospitalised… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Suprapubic catheterisation vs intermittent urethral catheterisation Quality of life ‐ not reported · patients with short‐term catheterisation Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short‐term catheterisation in hospitalised… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Suprapubic catheterisation vs intermittent urethral catheterisation Cost utility analysis ‐ not reported · patients with short‐term catheterisation Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short‐term catheterisation in hospitalised… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Indwelling urethral catheterisation vs suprapubic catheterisation Ease of use for participants ‐ not reported · Adults with short‐term catheterisation Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short‐term catheterisation in hospitalised… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Indwelling urethral catheterisation vs suprapubic catheterisation Quality of life ‐ not reported · Adults with short‐term catheterisation Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short‐term catheterisation in hospitalised… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Indwelling urethral catheterisation vs suprapubic catheterisation Cost utility analysis ‐ not reported · Adults with short‐term catheterisation Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short‐term catheterisation in hospitalised… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Indwelling urethral catheterisation vs intermittent urethral catheterisation Number of patients with pain ‐ not reported · Patients with short‐term bladder drainage Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short‐term catheterisation in hospitalised… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to vaginal cones vs vaginal cones alone Number of women cured or improved (subjective) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to lifestyle intervention vs lifestyle intervention alone Objective measure of urine leakage (e.g. pad test) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to lifestyle intervention vs lifestyle intervention alone Number of women reporting adverse events ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to lifestyle intervention vs lifestyle intervention alone Condition‐specific quality of life ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to lifestyle intervention vs lifestyle intervention alone General health status evaluation e.g. Short Form (SF)‐36 ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to lifestyle intervention vs lifestyle intervention alone Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to bladder training vs bladder training alone Number of women reporting incontinence at 1 year or more after treatment (subjective) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to bladder training vs bladder training alone Objective measure of urine leakage (e.g. pad test) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to bladder training vs bladder training alone Number of women experiencing pain ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to vaginal cones vs vaginal cones alone Number of women reporting incontinence at 1 year or more after treatment (subjective) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to bladder training vs bladder training alone General health status evaluation e.g. Short Form (SF)‐36 ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes) Number of women reporting incontinence at 1 year or more after treatment (subjective) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes) Objective measure of urine leakage (e.g. pad test) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes) Number of women experiencing pain ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes) Condition‐specific quality of life assessed by patient questionnaire such as Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ), King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes) General health status evaluation e.g. Short Form (SF)‐36 ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes) Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to magnetic stimulation vs magnetic stimulation alone Number of women cured or improved (subjective) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to magnetic stimulation vs magnetic stimulation alone Number of women reporting incontinence at 1 year or more after treatment (subjective) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to magnetic stimulation vs magnetic stimulation alone Objective measure of urine leakage (e.g. pad test) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to magnetic stimulation vs magnetic stimulation alone Number of women reporting adverse events ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to magnetic stimulation vs magnetic stimulation alone Condition‐specific quality of life assessed by patient questionnaire such as Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ), King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to magnetic stimulation vs magnetic stimulation alone General health status evaluation e.g. Short Form (SF)‐36 ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to magnetic stimulation vs magnetic stimulation alone Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to continence pessary vs continence pessary alone Number of women reporting incontinence at 1 year or more after treatment (subjective) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to continence pessary vs continence pessary alone Objective measure of urine leakage (e.g. pad test) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to continence pessary vs continence pessary alone Number of women reporting adverse events ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PFMT added to vaginal cones vs vaginal cones alone Number of women experiencing pain ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |