Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
726 questions in 98 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth
current versionsNo studies 726 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Paracetamol vs NSAID Need for additional pain relief · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Paracetamol vs NSAID Neonatal adverse events · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Paracetamol vs NSAID Duration of hospital stay · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Paracetamol vs NSAID Any breastfeeding at hospital discharge · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Paracetamol vs NSAID Any breastfeeding at 6 weeks postpartum · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs herbal analgesia Neonatal adverse events · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs placebo Neonatal adverse events · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs herbal analgesia Duration of hospital stay · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs herbal analgesia Any breastfeeding at hospital discharge · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs herbal analgesia Any breastfeeding at 6 weeks postpartum · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TENS vs no TENS Need for additional pain relief · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TENS vs no TENS Neonatal adverse events · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TENS vs no TENS Duration of hospital stay · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TENS vs no TENS Any breastfeeding at hospital discharge · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TENS vs no TENS Any breastfeeding at 6 weeks postpartum · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs placebo Duration of hospital stay · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs placebo Any breastfeeding at hospital discharge · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs placebo Any breastfeeding at 6 weeks postpartum · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains. Relief of pain due to uterine cramping/involution after birth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Compress treatments vs other treatments/routine care Breast swelling · women with breast engorgement during lactation Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Compress treatments vs other treatments/routine care Maternal opinion of treatment · women with breast engorgement during lactation Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Medical treatments vs placebo Breast induration/hardness · women with breast engorgement Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Medical treatments vs placebo Maternal opinion of treatment · women with breast engorgement Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Medical treatments vs placebo Cessation of breastfeeding · women with breast engorgement Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cold gel packs vs routine care Breast swelling · women with breast engorgement during lactation Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cold gel packs vs routine care Breast engorgement · women with breast engorgement during lactation Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cold gel packs vs routine care Number of women with adverse events · women with breast engorgement during lactation Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cabbage leaf treatments vs other treatments/placebo Breast swelling · women with breast engorgement during lactation Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage‐based therapies vs other treatments/routine care Breast swelling · women with breast engorgement during lactation Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage‐based therapies vs other treatments/routine care Maternal opinion of treatment · women with breast engorgement during lactation Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage‐based therapies vs other treatments/routine care Number of women with adverse events · women with breast engorgement during lactation Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Other treatments vs other treatments/advice/routine care Breast induration/hardness · women with breast engorgement during lactation Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Other treatments vs other treatments/advice/routine care Breast swelling · women with breast engorgement during lactation Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Other treatments vs other treatments/advice/routine care Maternal opinion of treatment · women with breast engorgement during lactation Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Other treatments vs other treatments/advice/routine care Number of women with adverse events · women with breast engorgement during lactation Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cabbage leaf treatments vs other treatments/placebo Number of women with adverse events · women with breast engorgement during lactation Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics vs usual care or placebo Breast abscess within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics vs usual care or placebo Nipple damage within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics vs usual care or placebo Duration of any breastfeeding · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics vs usual care or placebo Breast pain · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics vs usual care or placebo Number of women with adverse effects · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics vs topical treatments Recurrence of mastitis within 12 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics vs topical treatments Breast abscess within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics vs topical treatments Nipple damage within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Probiotics vs placebo Recurrence of mastitis within 12 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics vs topical treatments Duration of any breastfeeding · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics vs topical treatments Breast pain · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics vs topical treatments Number of women with adverse effects · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical treatments vs breastfeeding advice Recurrence of mastitis within 12 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical treatments vs breastfeeding advice Breast abscess within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical treatments vs breastfeeding advice Nipple damage within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |