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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
391 questions in 28 reviews · Incontinence
current versionsNo studies 391 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Repeat midurethral tape (any type) vs any other non‐tape surgical treatment (e.g. traditional sling, colposuspension, injectables) Objective cure rates in the longer‐term ‐ more than 12 months, · women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive midurethral tape surgery Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeat midurethral tape (any type) vs any other non‐tape surgical treatment (e.g. traditional sling, colposuspension, injectables) General health status measures ‐ e.g. Short‐Form 36 · women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive midurethral tape surgery Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeat midurethral tape (any type) vs any other non‐tape surgical treatment (e.g. traditional sling, colposuspension, injectables) Condition‐specific instruments designed to assess incontinence ‐ e.g. BFLUTS · women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive midurethral tape surgery Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeat midurethral tape (any type) vs any other non‐tape surgical treatment (e.g. traditional sling, colposuspension, injectables) Repeat continence surgery · women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive midurethral tape surgery Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeat midurethral tape (any type) vs any other non‐tape surgical treatment (e.g. traditional sling, colposuspension, injectables) Adverse events · women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive midurethral tape surgery Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One type of repeat midurethral tape vs another type of repeat midurethral tape Objective cure rates in the longer‐term ‐ more than 12 months, · women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive midurethral tape surgery Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One type of repeat midurethral tape vs another type of repeat midurethral tape General health status measures ‐ e.g. Short‐Form 36 · women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive midurethral tape surgery Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy vs urotherapy alone Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 3 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy vs urotherapy alone Quality of life measurements · children aged 3 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy vs urotherapy alone Adverse effects · children aged 3 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Voiding education with uroflow feedback and urotherapy vs urotherapy alone Frequency of incontinence episodes · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Voiding education with uroflow feedback and urotherapy vs urotherapy alone Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Voiding education with uroflow feedback and urotherapy vs urotherapy alone Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Voiding education with uroflow feedback and urotherapy vs urotherapy alone Quality of life measurements · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Timer watch plus standard urotherapy vs standard urotherapy alone Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 5 to 14 years with overactive bladder and at least one episode of daytime urinary incontinence per week Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Timer watch plus standard urotherapy vs standard urotherapy alone Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 5 to 14 years with overactive bladder and at least one episode of daytime urinary incontinence per week Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Timer watch plus standard urotherapy vs standard urotherapy alone Quality of life measurements · children aged 5 to 14 years with overactive bladder and at least one episode of daytime urinary incontinence per week Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Timer watch plus standard urotherapy vs standard urotherapy alone Adverse effects · children aged 5 to 14 years with overactive bladder and at least one episode of daytime urinary incontinence per week Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) vs placebo (sham TENS) Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 3 to 18 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy Adverse effects · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy Quality of life measurements · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy Adverse effects · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training vs anticholinergics Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 5‐14 years with daytime urinary incontinence or post‐micturition dribbling Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) vs placebo (sham TENS) Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 3 to 18 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training vs anticholinergics Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 5‐14 years with daytime urinary incontinence or post‐micturition dribbling Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training vs anticholinergics Quality of life measurements · children aged 5‐14 years with daytime urinary incontinence or post‐micturition dribbling Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) vs anticholinergics Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 4 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) vs anticholinergics Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 4 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) vs anticholinergics Quality of life measurements · children aged 4 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) vs placebo (sham TENS) Quality of life measurements · children aged 3 to 18 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Voiding education with uroflowmetry and feedback vs anticholinergics Frequency of incontinence episodes · children aged 6 to 12 years with overactive bladder with urge incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Voiding education with uroflowmetry and feedback vs anticholinergics Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 6 to 12 years with overactive bladder with urge incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Voiding education with uroflowmetry and feedback vs anticholinergics Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 6 to 12 years with overactive bladder with urge incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Voiding education with uroflowmetry and feedback vs anticholinergics Quality of life measurements · children aged 6 to 12 years with overactive bladder with urge incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) vs placebo (sham TENS) Adverse effects · children aged 3 to 18 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy vs urotherapy alone Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 3 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga vs no specific active intervention Number of women who report they are cured (they no longer experience urinary incontinence) · women with either stress‐predominant or urge‐predominant urinary incontinence Yoga for treating urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga vs an active intervention Number of micturitions (daily) · women with urge‐predominant urinary incontinence Yoga for treating urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga vs an active intervention Adverse effects · women with urge‐predominant urinary incontinence Yoga for treating urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga vs an active intervention Number of women who report they are cured (they no longer experience urinary incontinence) · women with urge‐predominant urinary incontinence Yoga for treating urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One washout solution vs another Symptomatic UTI Mean number of episodes of high temperature due to possible urinary origin · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One washout solution vs another Number of catheters used Number of participants needing catheter replacement · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One washout solution vs another Length of time each catheter was in situ · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One washout solution vs another Catheter removal rates due to blockage/infection · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One washout solution vs another Rates of asymptomatic bacteriuria · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any washout vs no washout Length of time each catheter was in situ · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |