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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
15,213 questions in 2,394 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Single foetal haemoglobin inducer at any dose or duration vs usual care or placebo Transfusion‐free interval (days) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two or more foetal haemoglobin inducers at any dose or duration vs a usual management protocol, placebo or a single foetal haemoglobin inducer Frequency of transfusion (transfused volume/year) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two or more foetal haemoglobin inducers at any dose or duration vs a usual management protocol, placebo or a single foetal haemoglobin inducer Transfusion‐free interval (days) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two or more foetal haemoglobin inducers at any dose or duration vs a usual management protocol, placebo or a single foetal haemoglobin inducer HbF levels (%) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two or more foetal haemoglobin inducers at any dose or duration vs a usual management protocol, placebo or a single foetal haemoglobin inducer QoL · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single foetal haemoglobin inducer at any dose or duration vs usual care or placebo QoL · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single foetal haemoglobin inducer at any dose or duration vs another foetal haemoglobin inducer Frequency of transfusion (transfused volume/year) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single foetal haemoglobin inducer at any dose or duration vs another foetal haemoglobin inducer Transfusion‐free interval (days) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Urinary catheter removal < 5 days postoperatively vs urinary catheter removal ≥ 5 days postoperatively Incidence of symptomatic UTI · postoperative kidney transplant patients Early versus late removal of urinary catheter after kidney transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Urinary catheter removal < 5 days postoperatively vs urinary catheter removal ≥ 5 days postoperatively Incidence of major urological complications · postoperative kidney transplant patients Early versus late removal of urinary catheter after kidney transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LAMA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a favourable risk according to the… First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events (grade 3 to 4) · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a favourable risk according to the… First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Time to initiation of first subsequent therapy · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a favourable risk according to the… First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR MSKCC risk group · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a favourable risk according to the… First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events (SAEs) · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a favourable risk according to the… First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life (QoL) · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a favourable risk according to the… First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR IMDC risk groups · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and an intermediate or poor risk according to… First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life (QoL) We reported this outcome narratively in this review. Here, long‐term results (i.e., at the end of treatment) are presented. In the comparison PAZ versus SUN, QoL was measured using FACIT‐F (score range 0‐52; higher scores rep... · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (combined risk groups) without previous systemic… First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and an intermediate or poor risk according to… First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and an intermediate or poor risk according to… First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events (grade 3 or 4) · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and an intermediate or poor risk according to… First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Time to initiation of first subsequent therapy · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and an intermediate or poor risk according to… First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR MSKCC risk groups · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and an intermediate or poor risk according to… First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life (QoL) · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and an intermediate or poor risk according to… First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR IMDC risk group · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a favourable risk according to the… First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a favourable risk according to the… First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause hospital admission (number of events) ‐ not reported Social network interventions to support cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention in the management of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ not reported Social network interventions to support cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention in the management of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Methylxanthine vs placebo or control Major neurodevelopmental disability · preterm infants at risk for apnea Methylxanthine for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Methylxanthine vs placebo or control Major neurodevelopmental disability at 18 to 24 months · preterm infants with apnea Methylxanthine for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Methylxanthine vs placebo or control Death at hospital discharge · preterm infants prior to extubation Methylxanthine for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Methylxanthine vs placebo or control Major neurodevelopmental disability at 18 to 24 months · preterm infants prior to extubation Methylxanthine for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CHG‐IPA vs CHG‐A All‐cause mortality throughout the hospital admission of the participant · neonates that require central line Antiseptic solutions for skin preparation during central catheter insertion in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CHG‐IPA vs PI The proportion of infants or catheters with exit‐site infection, either microbiologically or clinically documented · neonates that require central line Antiseptic solutions for skin preparation during central catheter insertion in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CHG‐IPA vs PI Premature central line removal, defined as number of central venous catheters (CVCs) removed in the trial as deemed by the author as the source of infection · neonates that require central line Antiseptic solutions for skin preparation during central catheter insertion in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CHG‐IPA vs CHG‐A The proportion of infants or catheters with exit‐site infection, either microbiologically or clinically documented · neonates that require central line Antiseptic solutions for skin preparation during central catheter insertion in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Galantamine plus risperidone vs placebo plus risperidone Overall autism features Not assessed · children and adolescents with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for autistic spectrum disorders (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Galantamine plus risperidone vs placebo plus risperidone General health and function Not assessed · children and adolescents with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for autistic spectrum disorders (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (long term) Adverse events resulting from DUS surveillance · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (long term) All‐cause mortality · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (long term) Functional walking ability · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (long term) Clinical severity scales · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (long term) Quality of life scores · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |